Top 26 Music Reissues of 2024

There was no problem filling up a list of 25 or so reissues, or at least issues of previously unreleased material, this year. Maybe to the disappointment of those who hope there will be a never-ending vault of “discoveries” or “rediscoveries” of work by obscure artists who are largely or wholly unknown even to devout collectors, the list is almost wholly comprised of pretty big names. True, these are mostly box sets (some containing much previously unissued or even uncirculated material); batches of tracks that were mostly or wholly unavailable; previously unreleased live recordings; more or less straight reissues of records that have been hard to get, or at least hard to get for many years; and themed compilations that mix long-easily available items with some rarities.

My pick for #1 reissue of 2024.

It’s not the like days of, say, 1983, when you could go to a top record store (themselves much thinner on the ground now than back then) and pick up LP reissues of acts that you’d never heard anything of in one go. If you brought a lot of cash, you could theoretically get interesting recent such albums (most though not all of them totally above-board in terms of kosher licensing) by the Misunderstood, the New Colony Six, the Other Half, the Merseybeats, the Creation, We the People, the Sheppards, and the Action in one day. If all those names sound kind of old hat to seasoned collectors/historians these days, I hadn’t heard a single track by any of them when I got the records 41-42 years ago (and only a song or two by Wanda Jackson, one of many such artists I could add to the list). 

So we have a list populated by extremely familiar greats like the Yardbirds, the Doors, and David Bowie, and few unfamiliar acts. The Mystic Tide are one, gaining the #2 spot, but even their material was made available on reissues from the 1980s and 1990s, if not in as good a package. And there are not-terribly-famous names like Robbie Basho, the Idle Race, and Dadawah, though they have their sizable cult followings, as well as genuine obscurities on some of the various-artists compilations. But as the cliché might go, there’s still much to enjoy even with the preponderance of big names, whether unreleased/rare tracks or intelligent/completist compilations.

1. The Yardbirds, The Ultimate Live at the BBC (Repertoire). Is this four-CD set the ultimate collection of the Yardbirds’ BBC performances? The way the reissue business works, you shouldn’t bet on this being the last one. True too there have already been several collections featuring their BBC material (and going back more than 45 years, some bootlegs with BBC tracks). And if you’ve kept up with as much of that material as you could, as I have, you’ll already have about three-fourths of this compilation. That’s a conundrum about being a completist – the more complete the upgrade is, the greater the chance you’ll already have spent a lot of money on much of it in previous iterations, though those (presumably younger people) just getting into the group won’t have such a serious issue.

Still, the two dozen or so previously unreleased tracks include some highlights and even surprises. Chief among those are June 1965 versions of “Respectable” and “Pretty Girl,” both of which were on their debut album Five Live Yardbirds, recorded in 1964. But these BBC versions are with Jeff Beck, not Eric Clapton, who was on the live LP. Note how Keith Relf changes the lyric of “Respectable” from “she’s the kind of girl for me” to “she’s the kind of woman for me” at one point. The last verse of “Pretty Girl” suddenly lowers in key and is a bit slower. Was that deliberate, in which case that’s pretty avant-garde for an R&B cover?

Other previously unissued items of note include “Someone to Love Me,” recorded in studio versions but not issued until after they broke up; a March 1965 “Jeff’s Boogie” when it was still known as “Berry’s Boogie”; the Impressions cover “I’ve Been Trying” (one of two versions, the other having been previously available); and an unissued “Too Much Monkey Business” with Beck on lead instead of Clapton (again one of two versions, the other having been previously available). “Steeled Blues” might have been a relatively trivial part of the Yardbirds’ catalog as the instrumental B-side to “Heart Full of Soul,” but they did it three times on the BBC, and two of the versions here are previously unissued. And there’s “Rack My Mind,” a rewrite of Slim Harpo’s “Scratch My Back” (which is also here), though it’s on the lo-fi side. Then there are previously unissued versions of “I’m Not Talking” and “I Ain’t Done Wrong,” again accompanied by different versions that have already been released.

My pick for #1 reissue of 2024.

It’s true that some of these unissued versions that are multiples aren’t too interesting, like a “Happenings Ten Years Time Ago” that is actually the track from the 45 with a different vocal. As great as “Heart Full of Soul” was, five versions is a lot, even if two of them are unreleased. In common with most 1960s BBC cuts by British rockers, it’s rare that the songs also found on their studio releases were done better or with much variation on the radio sessions.

But there are some performances of special caliber, like a “Smokestack Lightning” (again: with Beck not Clapton!) with some improvisation not hear on the Five Live Yardbirds version. The two unreleased versions of “Evil Hearted You” closing disc two are perhaps their best BBC versions of any of their hit singles, with some incredibly quick licks from Beck. And for the many tracks that have been around the block before (sometimes several times), the sound is often notably improved.

There aren’t any tracks here with Clapton as no BBC sessions with him survive, but BBC recordings from 1967-68 when Jimmy Page was sole guitarist comprise all of disc four. Just one of these was previously unreleased, and it’s not one most fans are dying to hear, as it’s a second version of one of their unimpressive Mickie Most-produced pop singles, “Goodnight Sweet Josephine.” On the whole this disc isn’t up to the standard of the three Beck CDs (which include a few tracks when both he and Page were in the group), but there are some highlights. Those are two versions of their final B-side, “Think About It”; Page’s acoustic guitar showcase “White Summer”; and a pre-Led Zeppelin “Dazed and Confused.” Too bad they didn’t do “Glimpses,” the psychedelic workout from their Little Games LP, or the outtake “Knowing That I’m Losing You,” later reworked by Led Zeppelin into “Tangerine.”

The set’s dotted with interviews that are mostly brief and pretty uninformative, though there’s an interesting bit when, asked who the leaders are in the creative side of (presumably the pop business; the BBC interviewer mumbles), Paul Samwell-Smith quickly names Pete Townshend – and no one else. The annotation is very thorough, including details of sessions that don’t survive, and memories from drummer Jim McCarty and bassist-producer Samwell-Smith. The notes also clarify that “Love Me Like I Love You,” the mysterious bouncy soul-pop number heard twice, is a cover of an obscure American soul disc by the Wallace Brothers, though it’s been previously credited as a group composition. (The January 2025 issue of the UK monthly magazine Record Collector has my 14-page story on the Yardbirds, focusing on this compilation. It draws from extensive recent interviews with drummer Jim McCarty and bassist/producer Paul Samwell-Smith, as well as one with Graham Gouldman, who wrote several of the Yardbirds’ hits. Info on this issue, though not the story itself, is at https://recordcollectormag.com/cover-story/the-yarbirds-the-sound-of-the-future-still.)

2. The Mystic Tide, Frustration (Numero Group). The Mystic Tide were one of the best garage-psychedelic groups of the mid-1960s, and of those acts in that elite category, one of the most obscure. The Long Island group issued just five singles on tiny labels in 1966 and 1967, never making a commercial impact even on the small local level. A CD compilation of their work (plus some far more recent tracks recorded by guitarist and songwriter Joe Docko) appeared thirty years ago, but this LP-only anthology has better sound and far more comprehensive liner notes, including a few quotes from my own interview with Docko in the late 1990s. If raw compared to most bigger acts in both its production and performance, the best of these tracks mix tremendous ‘60s punk energy with intriguing, almost experimental raga-tinged psychedelia.

The title track, “Frustration,” is the best of these, using the still-novel approach of two simultaneously sung lead vocals with both different lyrics and different melodies. But the two-part instrumental “Psychedelic Journey” is up there in the raga-rock sweepstakes; “Mystery Ship” a supremely haunting psychedelic ballad not far from the aura of the Doors’ earliest excursions; “Mystic Eyes” (an entirely different song than the Them classic) a more basic eerie effort in the same vein; “I Search for a New Love” an enticing psych-popper with swirling harmonies and tempo shifts reminiscent of the Soft Machine’s 1967 demos; and “You Won’t Look Back” another of the moodily ethereal tunes that was among the Mystic Tide’s strengths. Docko was a skilled and adventurous Indian-tinged psychedelic guitarist who could play both furiously and delicately. The earliest Mystic Tide singles are more basic British Invasion-inspired outings, but still enjoyable and not run-of-the-mill for primitive teen efforts. Also here is the sole unreleased track of theirs that has been unearthed (previously issued on 1994’s Solid Ground compilation), which like the early singles isn’t as good as their peak work, but is worth hearing. 

3. Big Brother & the Holding Company, Live at the Grande Ballroom Detroit, Michigan: March 2, 1968 (Columbia/Legacy). Before this release, there was already a fair amount of live 1968 Big Brother available, most notably a full CD of Winterland tapes from mid-1968, and another full CD of the group at the Carousel Ballroom in San Francisco in June of that year. Two of the tracks here (“Catch Me Daddy” and “Magic of Love”) are on the expanded Cheap Thrills. So I picked up this Record Store Day special as a completist, but it really is good and worthwhile. The band plays with fire, Janis Joplin sings with her habitual fire, and it includes some of their most popular tunes—“Piece of My Heart,” “Combination of the Two,” “Down on Me,” and “Ball of Chain.” And some of their better lesser known items, like “Coo Coo,” “All Is Loneliness,” and those two songs that didn’t make their two LPs with Joplin, “Catch Me Daddy” and “Magic of Love.” The sound is very good, and despite some comments that have been made by the MC5 claiming they killed Big Brother as their opening act, the audience seems quite appreciative.

4. Various Artists, Why Don’t You Smile Now: Lou Reed at Pickwick Records 1964-65 (Light in the Attic). To qualify the high ranking of this compilation, I need to disclose that I wrote the 10,000-word essay in the liner notes. This is also a case where the historical interest of the material, and my particular interest in it, vaults it to a higher position than some releases where the skills of the performers (other than Lou Reed), like the Doors and David Bowie to take a couple examples, are obviously superior. This gathers 25 songs Reed co-wrote, or quite possibly co-wrote, during his strange stint as a staff songwriter at the budget Pickwick label from about fall 1964 through mid-1965. He did sing lead vocals on four of these tracks, and likely played guitar on these and some others. On the majority, however, he shares songwriter credits (usually with Pickwick staffers Terry Philips, Jimmie Sims, and Jerry Vance) on obscure mid-‘60s songs sung by other artists. All of the cuts showed up on either rare flop singles and exploitation budget compilations, and one, the Beachnuts’ “Sad, Lonely Orphan Boy,” was previously unreleased.

I’d heard all of these except “Sad, Lonely Orphan Boy” before, and the ones on which Reed sings have shown up on bootlegs for about half a century. Still, it’s good to have the best of Reed’s Pickwick efforts (some of the worst aren’t here) assembled in one place on a legitimate release, with good packaging complete with a Lenny Kaye foreword and illustrations (including a previously unpublished color one of Lou with Pickwick staff on the cover). Reed’s raw talents are readily apparent on the four songs he sings – the Primitives single “The Ostrich”/ “Sneaky Pete,” the Roughnecks’ “You’re Driving Me Insane,” and the Beachnuts’ marginally more conventional “Cycle Annie.” Otherwise he and the Pickwick writers were obviously trying to emulate trends of the day like surf music, the Four Seasons, Motown, and New York girl groups. Compared to the Velvet Underground, or even the Primitives/Roughnecks tracks, they’re surprisingly poppy, and sometimes lightweight and formulaic.

What’s most pleasantly surprising about this comp, however, is that with the selection and sequencing, it’s a pretty enjoyable listen even aside from its value to Reed historians. Some of the tracks are good rarities by any standards, especially Robertha Williams’s Shangri-Las soundalike “Tell Mamma Not to Cry.” If some of the other tunes are almost ironic in their offhand derivativeness, they’re often executed in a fun fashion that don’t take themselves too seriously, sometimes deftly using their audible influences, like the daughter-of-Martha & the Vandellas backup vocals on Beverley Ann’s “We Got Trouble.” On a more serious note, the odd guitar tuning on “The Ostrich” was instrumental in firing John Cale’s interest in what Reed was doing at Pickwick and joining him in the touring version of the Primitives, as well as co-writing one of the better songs here with Reed and others, the All Night Workers’ “Why Don’t You Smile.” There’s much more I could say about these tracks, but for that, you’ll have to read my actual liner notes to this anthology.

5. The Doors, Live at Konserthuset, Stockholm September 20, 1968 (Rhino). As if to validate the “Jim’s not dead” chant heard from the audience at some screenings of Doors films, it seems like there’s a “new” Doors album every year, much as there’s a “new” Jimi Hendrix album every year. Of course, these new releases were recorded more than fifty years ago, as the estates trawl ever more deeply in the vaults. Such is the case with this double CD of the Doors live in Stockholm, a Record Store Day release (also issued on vinyl) that wasn’t too hard to get if you didn’t actually go to a record store that day, though it’s already getting harder – The Doors’ Official Online Store had sold out of the CD version by early May. While this isn’t the absolute best live Doors of the many concert recordings by the band now available, it’s one of the relatively few of those in good sound that was made before 1969. And while it has some numbers that show up in many, maybe too many, versions on other releases—“Five to One,” “Back Door Man,” and “When the Music’s Over,” for instance—there are also a few that are on hardly any or even none others. 

Among them, and thus among the highlights, are “Love Street,” “You’re Lost Little Girl,” and “Wild Child.” It’s evident, maybe inadvertently, that the Doors weren’t used to doing these in concert—Jim Morrison seems to skip and stumble over a few lines in “Love Street,” and Robbie Krieger doesn’t execute the guitar solo in “You’re Lost Little Girl” very well. Also, there seemed to be a mike failure for the early show’s rendition of “When the Music’s Over,” where the vocal can barely be heard for a good chunk of the track. That’s not such a big deal considering how many other versions of this song are available—in fact, there’s another one on this CD, from the late show. As for some other tunes that don’t show up too often on live Doors recordings, there’s “Love Me Two Times” and “The Unknown Soldier,” both played without mishaps, and “Money,” though these kinds of rock’n’roll/soul/blues oldies covers were never the group’s forte.

Standbys like “Light My Fire” (twice) and “The End” are also here. Although Morrison was sometimes not in good shape during this 1968 European tour—and wasn’t even present with the other Doors at one as he was too wasted to perform—he seems fully sober and in top form here. As do the band as a whole, making this one of the best live Doors releases. And while the crowd seems kind of subdued—not such a bad thing, as it helps the music come through entirely clearly—it goes wild at the end of the first show, with a couple minutes of clapping/stamping/whistling.

6. David Bowie, Rock’n’Roll Star! (Parlophone). It’s not so obvious from the title, but this is basically a superdeluxe edition of Bowie’s most famous album, The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. You’ll need a Blu-Ray player to actually hear the original album on the Blu-ray disc, but the real attraction is the rest of the set, comprised of five CDs of material not on the album. That includes numerous demos, rehearsals, and outtakes, along with a bunch of 1972 BBC radio, TV, and live recordings. There are also the early-‘70s singles credited to Arnold Corns that were more or less Bowie under a different name, and the kind of less essential alternate/new mixes which pepper these deluxe productions, by Bowie and others. Twenty-nine of the tracks are previously unreleased, which isn’t a huge percentage from such a big package, especially considering some of the unreleased items are mix variations. Still, there’s something to be said for having most/all of the extra-LP stuff from shortly before/during/shortly after its recording in one place, even if the $100+ price tag isn’t cheap.

There isn’t much in the way of previously unheard songs, especially considering that some of these evolved into more familiar tunes, like the San Francisco hotel recording of “So Long 60s,” part of which evolved into “Moonage Daydream.” The chief interest is hearing how much honing and refining went into the songwriting and arrangements over the course of a year, with even the basic demos forming much of disc one making it obvious the compositions held great promise. All of this is enjoyable no matter what the circumstances or recording quality (which is mostly very good), and by the time you get to actual or close-to Ziggy Stardust tracks, they can seem kind of slick, in part because of their over-familiarity. 

There are some songs that aren’t from the final Ziggy running order, including live/radio/TV performances of Hunky Dory material, “Space Oddity,” and the Velvet Underground’s “White Light/White Heat” and “I’m Waiting for the Man.” There are also the non-LP 45 tracks “John, I’m Only Dancing,” a big UK hit, and the B-side cover of Chuck Berry’s “Round and Round.” Bigger surprises are the almost country-influenced, acoustic-flavored outtake “It’s Gonna Rain Again,” and a pre-Pin Ups version of “I Can’t Explain.” As with other Bowie superdeluxe productions to date, there’s a big (112-page) hardback book with lots of info and pictures, helping to offset the cost if you already have much of the music.

7. The Rascals, It’s Wonderful: The Complete Atlantic Studio Recordings (Now Sounds). It’s not every year I write 10,000-word liner notes for more than one reissue, and need to make “full disclosures” when I include them on my year-end list. Here’s another case, though, as I wrote notes of that length featured in the 60-page booklet of this box set. The seven-CD box does indeed include everything the Rascals released while they were with Atlantic between 1965 and 1971. That means all seven of their albums (the first four in both their mono and stereo versions) and a few non-LP singles, and while there was a limited edition Rascals-Atlantic box, this adds fourteen previously unreleased tracks. Some of those are alternates, but they include some notable items like a 1966 recording of their version of the Knight Brothers’ “Temptation’s Bout to Get Me” (which they’d remake in 1969 for official release); the nice 1966 outtake “Marryin’ Kind of Love,” co-written by Doc Pomus; and the nice folky demo “Let Freedom Ring,” written by Rascals singer Eddie Brigati.

Much has been written in praise of the Rascals’ mix of rock and soul, and again for more of mine, you’ll need to read my extensive liner notes. It’s true many of their highlights were on singles, but they had some fine B-sides and album tracks. And while their first two to three years saw their best recordings, their later and less popular releases weren’t devoid of worthwhile efforts. They’re all on this collection, which also includes some detailed track notes by compiler Alec Palao. 

8. Brian Auger’s Oblivion Express, ’70 Super Pop Montreux (Repertoire)Although he remains most known for his stint with Julie Driscoll and the Trinity, organ virtuoso Brian Auger’s time in that band was relatively brief, and by the 1970s he’d launched a different group. This 56-minute disc has the Oblivion Express’s set from the Casino Kursaal in Montreux, Switzerland on October 17, 1970. Purely from a historical perspective, it’s valuable as these are the only known Oblivion Express recordings with original drummer Keith Bailey. They also predate the band’s Oblivion Express debut album by about half a year.

More than documenting the group in its earliest stage, however, this is a pretty dynamic set that shows them fairly successful in their intention to bridge rock with R&B and jazz. The sound quality’s just a tad below what might have been expected on an official concert release at the time, and the largely instrumental material mixes Auger originals with covers of compositions by Herbie Hancock, John McLaughlin, Sly Stone, and Eddie Harris.

Auger’s not such a hot singer when he takes vocals, but as the focus is on his thick and forceful organ, as well as the fairly hot guitar-bass-drums backup, that’s not such a big deal. With a couple longer exceptions, the songs hover around the five-minute mark, largely avoiding the tedium of extended prog-rock workouts.

The highlight of the show—and maybe the highlight of Auger’s non-Driscoll-affiliated career—is the riveting, joyous “Pavane.” You might never guess it’s an adaptation of a classical piece by Gabriel Fauré, as it’s jammed with compelling riffs and dramatic, suspenseful melodic turns. Some other British organists, especially Keith Emerson and Rick Wakeman, got attention for rocking up the classics, but Auger certainly proved capable of doing so here, and doing so well. Drilling down deep, this might not be quite as good as the killer frenetic rendition he managed with the Trinity at the Bilzen Festival in Belgium 1969 (as seen in footage of that performance), but it comes close.

The release bolsters Auger’s credentials as one of the more innovative British keyboardists of the period, and perhaps the most jazz-influenced one who just about fell into the rock category. Repertoire put out another CD at the same time of Auger with Driscoll and the Trinity at the same venue on June 14, 1968, which is reviewed separately. (This review will also appear in a future issue of Ugly Things.)

9. Nina Simone, Blackbird: The Colpix Recordings (1959-1963) (SoulMusic)Even at the beginning of her career, Nina Simone was an artist as prolific as she was eclectic. In her four years on Colpix she issued eight albums and some non-LP singles, as well as making a good number of recordings not released at the time. All of those albums, in sleeves reproducing the original artwork and liner notes, are on this eight-CD minibox. It adds 29 bonus tracks she cut during these years, some of which didn’t come out until decades later.

Colpix wasn’t Simone’s first label, as she done a prior LP for Bethlehem with her hit “I Loves You Porgy” (the version on this box is a later remake). Arguably she might have overextended herself with her sheer volume of Colpix material, adding up to 107 tracks. These included four live albums, a Duke Ellington tribute LP, and Folksy Nina, “entirely composed of folk ballads and blues” as the original liner note declared, although it sounds about as typically Simone as most of her other Colpix longplayers.

You’d have to be an intense collector to already have the bonus cuts, some of which only came out on 1966’s With Strings (recorded during the Colpix years), UK expanded CD editions, and rare non-LP 45s. This compilation does completists quite a service by rounding all of those up, adding a few to each disc as extra tracks. Some of them are prime Nina, like the ten-minute live version of “Work Song”; the “Hit the Road Jack” answer single “Come on Back Jack”; the haunting, almost Mediterranean “Golden Earrings”; and the spare, spooky 1963 non-LP B-side “Blackbird,” which gives this anthology its name.

While Simone would cast her net even wider in the decade after leaving Colpix, it’s no exaggeration to state that even at this early stage, she was as stylistically eclectic as any performer. There was straight jazz, orchestrated pop ballads, a stab at pseudo-soul with “Come on Back Jack,” gutsy blues-jazz, movie themes, a bit of gospel and children’s music, traditional folk songs (including “House of the Rising Sun”), and what would later be called “world music” with songs in Hebrew and “Theme from Sayonara.” There wasn’t rock’n’roll, but there was almost everything else, especially when you consider the shades of classical music heard in her piano playing, she originally having aspired to be a classical pianist.

Range isn’t synonymous with quality, of course, and her vast repertoire almost ensured that not every fan would like everything, or at least not like everything about as much. There’s too much quaint’n’dainty balladry and Tin Pan Alley, especially when there’s orchestration and choral backup voices. She wrote hardly any of the material, though she did get a co-writing credit for “Blackbird.” The Ellington tribute wasn’t the best showcase for her originality, though even there, she excels on piano on the swinging instrumental “Satin Doll.”

For those like myself that favor her less standard approaches, these sides are best when she goes afield from pop-jazz into bluesier stuff and, at times, pieces that were pretty out there for a singer more apt to be filed under the pop or jazz sections than anywhere else. Highlights in that regard include Oscar Brown, Jr.’s “Rags and Old Iron,” “Trouble in Mind,” the folk-bluesy “Little Liza Jane,” “Black Is the Color of My True Love’s Hair,” “Gin House Blues,” and “Sinner Man.” The Hebrew songs aren’t novelty items; they’re among the most exotic and passionate pieces, particularly “Eretz Zavat Chalav U’dvash.” And some of the ballads are among her peak Colpix efforts, particularly “Wild Is the Wind” (perhaps the Simone interpretation that inspired David Bowie to record it on Station to Station, though she also did a version on the 1966 album Wild Is the Wind) and “Willow Weep for Me.”

As good, if erratic, as her Colpix output was, it’s missing some elements that would take her to a higher level when she moved to Philips for her next (and best) batch of albums in the mid-1960s. While never a straight “soul” singer per se, there was more soul in what she did at Philips, even as she kept encompassing the same styles as she had at Colpix and then some. Of course those included her magnificent civil rights (“Mississippi Goddam”) and feminist (“Four Women”) compositions, but also the original version of “Don’t Let Me Misunderstood,” covered to classic effect by the Animals. There was also “See-Line Woman,” covered by the Easybeats; her take on “I Put a Spell on You,” whose “I love you” refrain influenced the Beatles’ “Michelle”; and remakes of a few songs from her Colpix records, like “Work Song” and “Sinner Man.”

While her Philips stint also had its share of inconsistency, it showed a bolder evolving artist at her peak, as did some of her slicker work for RCA in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Those who don’t want or need to immerse themselves in the entire early Simone discography will be better off with compilations like Rhino’s double CD Anthology: The Colpix Years. For those who want more, though, this box is exemplary in its thoroughness. (This review previously appeared in Ugly Things.)

10. Melanie, Neighborhood Songs (Neighborhood/The Wintergarden). It’s hard to believe a collection of previously unreleased vintage Melanie could be more comprehensive than this six-CD set. There are demos, live performances, radio broadcasts, and studio outtakes spanning the mid-1960s to the late 1970s (a snippet of her as a child performer on TV in 1951 isn’t worth detailing). The three discs covering the mid-1960s to the early 1970s (most of those tracks spanning 1968-72) are the ones really worth hearing, as those were during her absolute prime. Usually they present her in a solo acoustic folky context, with just a few that have a full band backup or studio orchestration. It would have been nice to have more cuts with full arrangements; some of these, like the versions of “Ruby Tuesday” and “Beautiful People” from a July 1971 concert, are really nice and different from the standard ones. The plain accompaniment for much of the material does tend to feel somewhat monochromatic in bulk, and make the songs themselves seem less wide-ranging.

At the same time, these performances are extremely intense, in a good way, and invigorating to hear even if the songs don’t stand out as much (or as much from each other) in this context as they do on her studio releases. Some of them get almost frighteningly intense in their penetrating vocals and furious guitar strumming, especially a 1968 home demo of “Ruby Tuesday.” The liner notes could have been more helpful at pinpointing songs that didn’t appear in studio versions at the time, but there are some, along with versions (sometimes multiple versions) of her more celebrated compositions, like “Beautiful People,” “The Nickel Song,” “What Have They Done to My Song, Ma,” and “Peace Will Come.” There are four versions of “Ruby Tuesday,” and the October 1969 Hershey, Pennsylvania broadcast version of “Candles in the Rain” is quite different, and more somber, than the one on the hit single.

On the rest of the set, there’s an entire disc of 1975 studio recordings and another of 1975 concert tapes, with another CD of 1976-79 items. While these observations could be noted of many performers from the time who passed their peak and cultural moment, they’re too prone to mainstream production, too-long arrangements (especially the ill-advised drawn-out one of the Seekers’ “I’ll Find Another You”), and compositions that aren’t as impressive. Some of the mid-to-late 1970s material is certainly okay in a moderately pleasant way, but it’s the earlier stuff that’s more inspired and notable. It’s unfortunate this doesn’t include her rare pair of 1967-68 Columbia singles, which haven’t been reissued to my knowledge. And while the liner notes are extensive and perhaps overly appreciative, they could have been clearer as to the song’s histories and differences between what’s heard on the box and the more familiar versions. Overall, however, this helps give Melanie her due as an underrated performer who’s sometimes been unfairly scorned, even if the box, like much of even her best work, is uneven in quality.

11. Buffalo Springfield/The Byrds, Live at the Monterey International Pop Festival (Monterey International Pop Festival Foundation). This vinyl double LP Record Store Day release devotes one disc to Buffalo Springfield’s set at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival, and the other disc to the Byrds’ set at the same event. Seven of the eight Byrds songs (all except “I Know You Rider”) came out in 1992 on a Monterey Pop box; the eight Buffalo Springfield songs haven’t come out anywhere, to my knowledge. As these are two of my favorite groups, and the Springfield material (and one of the Byrds tracks) were previously unreleased, why doesn’t this rank higher on this list? Neither of the groups played that well, though it carries a lot of historical interest. 

One reason Buffalo Springfield might not have been as good as many might have hoped is that Neil Young had left the band for a while at the time of the festival, with David Crosby sitting in. In common with the Byrds’ set, the Springfield’s sounds a little rushed and ragged, despite their reputation as having been a white-hot live outfit. Some of that could be due to Young’s absence, but the drumming in particular isn’t very impressive, and nor is the recording quality on either the Springfield or Byrds disc, though it’s okay.

Besides three of their most familiar songs (“For What It’s Worth,” “Rock and Roll Woman,” and “Bluebird”), Buffalo Springfield’s set is of particular note for including a Richie Furay composition (though with drummer Dewey Martin on vocals), done in a soul-rock arrangement with not-to-easy-to-understand lyrics, that didn’t make their albums, “Nobody’s Fool,” though it got onto Poco’s first LP. There’s just one Young song, “Nowadays Clancy Can’t Even Sing” (with Furay on lead vocals), though it’s interesting to hear versions of “A Child’s Claim to Fame” and “Hung Upside Down” that predate the release of their second album by about four months. Most valuable of all is a performance of “Pretty Girl Why,” which wouldn’t come out until their third and final album – both for its rarity and for a rendition that’s fairly good and among the better tracks on the Springfield disc, though no match for the studio version.

The Byrds’ set has been in circulation for quite a while, save for the cover of the folk standard “I Know You Rider,” which the Byrds did record in the studio, but only as an outtake. They sound less together than Buffalo Springfield, which is to say, not very together. Both acts, in fact, had pretty imperfect drumming. But the Byrds’ harmonies and general tightness are far from exemplary, though the song selection is interesting, with cuts from their first four albums (none hits except “So You Want to Be a Rock’n’Roll Star”) and, most unusually, the non-LP single “Lady Friend.” You also get Crosby’s annoyingly pompous comments about LSD and the JFK assassination. The Byrds, as great as their records were in the mid-1960s, did not have a reputation as a good live act, and this disc unfortunately bears this out.

This double LP also makes a case for why neither the Byrds nor Buffalo Springfield made the classic Monterey Pop documentary, though some footage of both made the expanded DVD version. There’s not much in the way of interesting text on this release, but it does reprint the official invitations to both groups; print some quotes about Monterey and the acts from band members and peers; and reproduce the tape boxes with the recordings.

12. Neil Young, Early Daze (Reprise). While quite a few artists—like the Doors, Jimi Hendrix, and Frank Zappa elsewhere on this list—are keeping a pretty active release schedule of vault material, Neil Young might be putting out more than any top-tier act. The one of most interest to me in 2024 was this compilation of 1969 tracks. Like some and maybe most of his other archive productions, it’s a bit frustrating no matter what level of fandom you maintain, mixing genuinely unreleased versions, different mixes, and some items that have appeared on previous records, though those are rare or low-profile. Crazy Horse backs him on all of these, and while some of the songs didn’t come out at the time in any form or only on Crazy Horse discs, by this time most or all of them are familiar to most people who keep up with Young’s catalog. Too, the better known tunes generally they don’t vary enormously from those familiar versions, though “Down By the River” has alternate vocals and “Helpless” is, as you’d expect, relatively harder rocking than CSNY’s arrangement. 

Still, as a listen and the kind of thing that used to show up on bootlegs but is now being made available in better sound and packaging, it’s nice to hear. Even if you know “Dance Dance Dance,” “Look at All the Things,” and “Come on Baby Let’s Go Downtown” were done by Crazy Horse on their 1971 self-titled album, it’s cool to hear Young’s versions. Completists will appreciate hearing the single mono mix of the most famous song (other than perhaps “Down By the River”), “Cinnamon Girl.” And “Winterlong,” another version of which appeared almost five decades ago on Decade, is represented by a previously unreleased version; “Wonderin’,” done with a much different arrangement more than a decade later, sounds better with a characteristically 1969 Young sound. While not exactly an alternate version of Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, it’s kind of a good supplement to how Neil sounded on that album. It’s marginal enough when judged against Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, though, that it doesn’t rank too high on this list, also considering a couple of the best songs (“Cinnamon Girl” and “Birds”) are represented by rare/alternate mixes rather than more significant variations.

13. Julie Driscoll, Brian Auger & the Trinity, Live at Montreux 1968 (Repertoire)A fair amount of live/BBC Driscoll/Auger/Trinity has circulated unofficially and on gray-area releases. But to my knowledge, this 65-minute document of their performance at the Montreux Jazz Festival on June 14, 1968 is the first totally above-board live document of the group. As with a simultaneous release on Repertoire of a 1970 concert by Brian Auger’s Oblivion Express at the same venue (reviewed separately), the sound quality’s very good, almost but not quite 100% of what might have been considered for an official concert LP back in the late 1960s.

This ensemble—just a quartet despite their unwieldy name—had just reached their peak in spring 1968 when their cover of Bob Dylan’s “This Wheel’s on Fire,” at that point not available on a Dylan release, reached the Top Five in the UK. Oddly, that song isn’t on this set, which is both rewarding for what it has, and frustrating for what it doesn’t. Most crucially, only half of the twelve tracks have Driscoll vocals. The Trinity often performed material without her on stage, but the songs on which she sang were the definite highlights.

This is too early to catch more adventurous/progressive parts of this eclectic soul-rock-jazz-psychedelic act’s repertoire, like the “Road to Cairo” single and their Streetnoise album. But this does feature a couple highlights of their more soul-rock-oriented sound with their distinctive take on “Season of the Witch,” here running eight and a half minutes, and a rousing cover of Aretha Franklin’s “Save Me,” on which David Ambrose’s driving bass really excels. Of particular interest to Driscoll fans, jazzman Johnny Griffin’s “Soft and Furry” (apparently based on singer Eddie Jefferson’s version) wasn’t on the Trinity’s official releases, though a good live cover of the tune kicks off their set. 

After a half dozen satisfying Driscoll-fronted cuts, organist Brian Auger takes the spotlight on instrumentals of varying if generally impressive quality (though he does sing Mose Allison’s “If You Live”). His speedy riffs are to the fore on Booker T. & the MG’s’ “Red Beans and Rice,” and he slows to a funkier pace on a quirky cover of “A Day in the Life.” The jazzy bopper “Along Came Zizi,” which he wrote for a sister-in-law, isn’t available in any other version; indeed, Auger had forgotten it even existed.

Yet the sole other Auger original, “Goodbye Jungle Telegraph,” outstays its welcome as the ten-minute piece gets into noisy experimental passages, complete with whooping pennywhistle-like swoops, that veer into self-indulgence. As that’s the last track on this CD, it’s easily enough avoided in favor of the tighter, more disciplined tracks that precede it. (This review will also appear in a future issue of Ugly Things.)

14. Jackie DeShannon, Nothing Can Stop Me: Liberty Records Rarities 1960-1962 (Ace). So much DeShannon has been reissued, much of it by Ace, that it’s hard to believe much could have remained in the vaults. There was some, however, and sixteen of these twenty-four tracks were previously unreleased, while the others aren’t exactly common fare. Even DeShannon fans, and I’m one, should nonetheless be aware that with a couple exceptions this doesn’t show her at her best, even if you’re just considering her pre-1963 work.

About half of these were recorded in 1961 for a Ray Charles cover album to be titled Hits of the Genius, which was canceled after getting scheduled for January 1962 release, at least in part because Bobby Darin put out a Sings Ray Charles album around the same time. It would be more interesting to hear DeShannon sing original material, and that’s not the only drawback. Although she digs into the Charles repertoire (much of it well known tunes like “I Got a Woman” and “What’d I Say,” with the lyrics sometimes changed to become more appropriate as sung by a woman) with gusto, she tends to over-sing these, or at least overemphasize the rougher side of her vocals, as good as those could be in the right context. A few of these tracks did come out, but most were unissued until this compilation.

The second half of this CD presents tracks that would not have been on Hits of the Genius, though a couple of these (“Nobody But You” and “Fool for You”) were actually Charles compositions. A couple did come out on rare singles, and there are a couple alternate takes of two other tunes that also did find release, but most of it’s previously unreleased. The standouts are the two songs, alas, that are the least rare, and have appeared on other compilations: the fetching “I Won’t Turn You Down,” which mixes teen idol and girl group sensibilities, and the rowdy “Baby (When Ya Kiss Me),” which at least is presented as an alternate take.

Although all of the songs save the Charles covers and “I Won’t Turn You Down” were written by DeShannon (sometimes with Sharon Sheeley), none of the others are of the same caliber, though they’re not bad early-‘60s pop-rock. Some are better than others, like the perky “I Don’t Think So Much of Myself Now” and the slightly bittersweet “Wishin’ Won’t Get It,” and “Stand Up and Testify” has a lot of gritty energy, if not too special a tune. With typically good Ace annotation, this is a reasonably interesting release for DeShannon completists, but not even among the best of the rarities that would be good to have on official releases, those being the numerous demos she recorded for her Metro Music publisher in the early-to-mid-1960s.

15. Jimi Hendrix, Electric Lady Studios: A Jimi Hendrix Vision (Experience Hendrix). This four-disc set wasn’t just released in conjunction with the film documentary of the same name. It actually includes the documentary, as one of the four discs has it on a Blu-ray. The other three discs are CDs of recordings, almost all of them previously unreleased, Hendrix did at Electric Lady in mid-1970, though a few of them built on early recordings done elsewhere as early as late 1969. Since the Electric Lady Studios film did play in some theaters, I’m giving it a separate review in this blog’s year-end roundup of music history films. This review will concentrate on the music on the three other discs.

Most of these songs are familiar from their appearances in different versions on other posthumous Hendrix releases going back to the early 1970s. In common with the more recent such releases, this is dominated by alternate versions/takes, and sometimes alternate mixes, of songs that have appeared elsewhere, sometimes numerous times, and sometimes dating back to shortly after Jimi’s death. It’s valuable for dedicated Hendrix fans and collectors, but might be hard to recommend to others, even others who like Hendrix a lot. Some of the differences between the versions they might already have  in their collection are slight, though Hendrix authority John McDermott’s liner notes make the differences clear. Even without knowledge of the other versions, this wouldn’t stand up as a whole with Hendrix’s best work, as a good number of the outings are jam-based meanderings, half-formed bluesy efforts, or just not in the league of his best compositions. The best (and usually) most famous songs are exceptions, including “Dolly Dagger,” the languid, pretty ballad “Drifting,” “Ezy Ryder,” and especially “Angel.”

The most notable track, at least if you’re on the lookout for what’s most unusual or least traveled, is the demo “Heaven Has No Sorrow.” With bassist Billy Cox supplying the only accompaniment, it’s lower-key and lower-volume than most of Hendrix’s repertoire, and has a nice reflective vibe and descending melodic lines. It’s a little unfortunate and mysterious it wasn’t developed more, since as Cox says in the liner notes, “It probably could have evolved into a pretty dynamic song, something along the lines of ‘Angel.’” Note that a couple of the more obscure songs, “Tune X/Just Came In” and “In from the Storm,” have some riffs similar to those used by Blind Faith in “Had to Cry Today.” The liner notes, besides having a lot of Electric Lady early history, feature some rare photos and memorabilia, including what seems like a proposed song list for a double LP drawn from this material, which has 26 songs.

16. Various Artists, Les Cousins: The Soundtrack of Soho’s Legendary Folk & Blues Club (Grapefruit). Les Cousins was the most famous British folk club from the mid-1960s through the early 1970s, hosting a huge number of performances in London’s Soho neighborhood. This triple-CD mini-box doesn’t have live performances recorded at the club; had any been made, some of those might have immense historical significance. But it does have 73 studio tracks from 1963-73 that ably reflect the wide range of performances and styles Les Cousins presented, also serving as a good overview of the British folk scene as a whole during its greatest decade, including a few US artists who played the club.

It would take a few paragraphs to list all the names of note heard on this anthology, from big stars (Donovan, Paul Simon, Cat Stevens) to major folk icons (Bert Jansch, Sandy Denny, John Renbourn) and vital acts who could venture well beyond the borders of standard folk forms (Nick Drake, Duffy Power, Davy Graham, Tim Hardin). Room’s made for artists who fall outside of what some might consider folk music, like Kevin Ayers, Third Ear Band, and the Picadilly Line, whose 1967 cut “At the Third Stroke” is more pop-rock than folk, even if Danny Thompson is on bass. It’s also one of the set’s highlights, and the liner notes’ description of their sound boasting a “strong flavor of psychedelic swinging London’s answer to Simon & Garfunkel” is fairly on-target.

For the most part, the bigger names—all represented by well-chosen and sometimes familiar cuts, like Hardin’s “If I Were a Carpenter,” Donovan’s “Sunny Goodge Street,” and Denny’s “You Never Wanted Me”—outshine the more obscure names by a sizable margin. Other than the Picadilly Line’s contribution, the choicest rarities include the biting pop-folk of “Get the One I Want To” by Beverley (aka Beverley Martyn), previously only available on a Record Store Day vinyl release; the Levee Breakers’ perky jugbandish “Babe I’m Leaving You,” a 1965 single featuring the same Beverley; Alex Campbell’s mournful “Been on the Road So Long,” from a 1965 single (and perhaps better known as done by Sandy Denny); and Sam Mitchell’s “Leaf Without a Tree,” one of the darker and bluesier selections, from a guy who’d later play on Rod Stewart’s Gasoline Alley and Every Picture Tells a Story.

Naturally not every Les Cousins performer of value could be included for space and licensing reasons, among them some mentioned in Ian A. Anderson’s lengthy liner notes, such as Van Morrison, Sandy Bull, and Stefan Grossman. If you’re looking for the kind of names not every big fan of UK ‘60s folk has in their collection, there are a fair number of those—it’s doubtful many people have music by Gerry Lockran, Andy Fernbach, Tom Yates, and Mudge & Clutterbuck in the same home. Even Steeleye Span fans might not know of “Adieu Sweet Lovely Nancy,” recorded by future members Tim Hart & Maddy Prior on a 1968 LP.

A good number of the tracks, especially by the more traditional-oriented artists, have a low-energy air that keeps this from being the most exciting listen. When something like Davy Graham’s middle eastern-tinged instrumental “Maajun” comes on, that does get the blood rushing faster, as do Paul Simon’s “I Am a Rock” (from his 1965 UK solo LP) and even more ordinary but relatively high-voltage items like Julie Felix’s “The Young Ones Move.” Among the several Cherry Red comps that focus on the UK folk and folk-rock of the era, however, this could be the most eclectic and all-encompassing, especially as it features other notables who couldn’t fit into the preceding paragraphs, from the Incredible String Band and Jackson C. Frank to the Strawbs and Roy Harper. (This review previously appeared in Ugly Things magazine.)

17. The Idle Race, Live on Air 1967-1969 (London Calling). Mostly known, if at all, for including Jeff Lynne before he joined the Move and then Electric Light Orchestra, the Idle Race played a very light brand of Beatlesque pop-rock in the late 1960s, sometimes with touches of psychedelia. In that regard they were similar to the Move, though not as good and considerably more lightweight. Never getting hits in the US or their native UK, the material from their two albums with Lynne hasn’t been too hard to get, in part because Lynne’s membership ensured there were reissues. This compilation has 27 songs from seven of their BBC radio sessions, mostly in decent sound, though some tracks fall a little below that and are incomplete. In common with many BBC sessions for acts huge or cult, the versions of the songs also found on their studio releases aren’t too much different as performed for the radio. Most of the songs were on their studio releases, and whether from their two albums or non-LP singles, the majority of them are represented by radio renditions here. 

That leaves just a few rarities, inasmuch as being tunes they didn’t release at the time. These include cover versions of Moby Grape’s “Hey Grandma,” the Doors’ “Love Me Two Times,” and “Born to Be Wild,” and while they testify to the band’s knowledge of period US music—much as the many covers by the Move did—they’re not very interesting. Far more obscurely, there’s a version of “Blueberry Blue,” by the Lemon Pipers of “Green Tambourine” fame that even those with some knowledge of the Lemon Pipers might not recognize right away. The same goes for the Sopwith Camel’s “Frantic Desolation.” There are pretty annoying radio jingles between some songs, but it doesn’t seriously affect the quality of a release that will please intense Idle Race fans and late-‘60s British rock collectors, though the liner notes are just reprints of 1967-69 press stories about the band. 

18. Dadawah, Peace & Love Wadadasow (Doctor Bird). In the late-‘70s book Rock Critics’ Choice: The Top 200 Albums, Lenny Kaye’s most intriguing pick (at number ten) was for Dadawah’s Peace & Love Wadadasow (with the title mistakenly given as Love and Peace), one of the most obscure of the many albums cited in the volume. So obscure was it that I, and I’m guessing many other teenage readers, were unable to hear it for decades, if they were able to hear it at all. I even wondered whether it might be a made-up record he slipped through as an inside joke, as if it was some imaginary lost classic by a hippie tribe for which collectors would fruitlessly scour want lists.

But it was a real 1974 reggae album, and one that’s not been widely reissued as far as I can tell. Nor was it even widely heard among reggae fanatics, in part because it wasn’t like much mid-‘70s reggae, owing more to the sounds of Jamaican Nyahbinghi music than most records in the style. Rooted in the sounds of traditional West African drumming, and some jazz and gospel, as well as the explosion of Jamaican reggae, Nyahbinghi was also strongly informed by Rastafarian spirituality. Count Ossie’s 1973 triple LP Grounation, itself not too easy to find for most of the years since its release, is the most esteemed record in the genre, and much easier to access since its 2022 reissue on Soul Jazz.

Dadawah’s album, featuring singer and longtime reggae icon Ras Michael, shares some of the same qualities, though it’s far more aligned with mid-‘70s reggae and dub sounds, and less with Nyahbinghi. It also has, unlike Grounation, state-of-the-art mid-‘70s Jamaican production with its crafty use of echo and space. Like some other rare records that are sought after because of one or two citations by legendary figures as all-time classics, Peace & Love Wadadasow isn’t as much of a knockout as its placement on a high-profile best-of list might lead many to expect. But it’s a very haunting endeavor, and not too typical of Jamaican reggae releases in featuring just four tracks, all of them lengthy, adding up to nearly forty minutes.

Its feel is as much, if not more, of an eerie chanted religious ritual as a popular music release, It’s heavy on minor-key melodies, booming bass, the odd keyboard tinkle (by Lloyd Charmers, who co-wrote much of the material with Ras Michael), spare guitar licks, and inventive African-influenced percussion. The lyrics aren’t so much phrases and sentences as incantational chants, soaked in Rastafari vibes. The production, as maybe the biggest enticement for many listeners, has a reverberant, slightly woozy glow that’s dub-informed but not all-out dub. The overall effect is much like hearing thoughts bouncing around the heads of a circle of Rastafari followers, vocals often call-responding and overlapping with each other in a semi-hypnotic state.

This CD reissue expands the record to two discs, the first of the pair featuring the original album. The bonus disc takes some liberties in its inflation of the running time, since just one of the 22 tracks, the 1974 instrumental “Burning Drums,” is by Dadawah. The unifying thread is the involvement of Lloyd Charmers on a host of 1973-76 recordings, occasionally as artist, and also as producer and arranger. All of these were B-side “versions,” as wholly or largely instrumental variations of more conventional tracks were often called, and include cuts credited to a couple big reggae names in Ken Boothe and Delroy Wilson.

These are reasonably interesting dub productions, but don’t have too strong a specific connection to the Dadawah album on the first disc, or nearly as strong a tie to the Nyahbinghi style. You can’t always tell by the song titles, but some of them are based on familiar American hits like the Stylistics’ “You Make Me Feel Brand New,” Clyde McPhatter’s “A Lover’s Question,” and the Everly Brothers’ “Devoted to You.” A bit of Santana-like guitar sneaks in for C.H.A.R.M.’s “After Midnight,” if you’re on the lookout for something a little different. (A shorter version of this review appeared inUgly Things.)

19. Various Artists, Having a Rave-Up! The British R&B Sounds of 1964 (Grapefruit)A three-CD, 91-track compilation with this theme could hardly have been more up my wheelhouse. This does cover almost all of the major and minor names working in this incredibly vibrant and influential scene in 1964, though it’s not a flawless overview, if such a thing could exist. It would rank higher on this list if I didn’t have almost all of the really good tracks, and if the obscurities were more on the level of such cuts.

Besides the Rolling Stones and Them—whose material couldn’t be licensed—this ticks off all of the big names: the Yardbirds, the Pretty Things, the Animals, Manfred Mann, John Mayall, Graham Bond, the Kinks, Georgie Fame, and the Spencer Davis Group. And all of the more cultish names: Downliners Sect, the Artwoods, the Birds, David John, the Fairies, and Duffy Power, for starters. And then the lower tiers that managed some good sides, some unreleased at the time: the Others, Bo Street Runners, the T-Bones, the Mike Cotton Sound, and the First Gear are just some. Some of the selections, as per the Grapefruit label’s modus operandi, are so obscure few other than compiler David Wells have probably heard them, which especially goes for the nine previously unreleased tracks.

You can’t argue with the cream of this crop—the Pretties’ “Rosalyn” and “Don’t Bring Me Down,” the Yardbirds’ “I Wish You Would” and “I Ain’t Got You,” the Manfreds’ “I’m Your Kingpin,” Downliners Sect’s “Sect Appeal,” the Artwoods’ “Sweet Mary,” Mayall’s “Crawling Up a Hill,” the Fairies’ “Anytime At All,” and the Birds’ “You’re on My Mind,” for instance. Refreshingly, there are R&B-inclined cuts by major acts who didn’t make those their main dish, like the Zombies’ “Woman,” Dave Berry’s snarling “Don’t Give Me No Lip Child,” and the Hollies’ “Memphis.”

There’s also the odd goodie by acts who never made another notable record, like the Plebs’ crunching reworking of the folk standard “Babe I’m Gonna Leave You” and Shel Naylor’s take on the Dave Davies-penned “One Fine Day,” which the Kinks didn’t put out in their own version. There are highlights by acts that really didn’t rise to them too often, like the Nashville Teens’ ominous, rumbling “T.N.T.” There’s Screaming Lord Sutch, not usually lumped in with this crowd, but deserving of membership with “Come Back Baby.” The Johnny Kidd-less Pirates do a terrific “Castin’ My Spell” with Mick Green on guitar. There’s even Rod Stewart, albeit on a slightly lo-fi live cut by the Hoochie Coochie Men; Steve Marriott, as part of his pre-Small Faces group the Moments; and the Who, albeit when they used the High Numbers billing for their uncharacteristic and rather unimpressive debut single, “I’m the Face.”

In all this makes a reasonable and representative starter comp for those just getting into ‘60s British R&B, though those who are probably already have a lot of the material. That doesn’t mean some of the selections by the better known artists couldn’t be questioned. Debates could fill up a few pages and yes, everyone has their particular favorites. But as one example, the Searchers’ “Ain’t That Just Like Me” rave-up certainly slays the relatively pedestrian cut heard here, “Gonna Send You Back to Georgia.”

There’s also a big gap between the quality of the rarities and the established, much-anthologized acts and tracks. There are too many covers of oft-done standards that not only don’t stand up to the US originals, but sometimes pale next to good UK versions of the same tunes. Most of the unreleased material is on the generic side, but the Tridents’ lengthy-for-the-time (five-and-a-half-minute) live workout on “Tiger in My Tank” is notable for featuring Jeff Beck on guitar, with the same kind of manically fleet riffs he’d use on Yardbirds songs like “Evil Hearted You.”  It all makes for an uneven if oft-exhilarating ride, but Wells’s 48-page liner notes are as usual a big bonus, packed with info and vintage photos/graphics. (This review previously appeared in Ugly Things.)

20. Robbie Basho, Snow Beneath the Belly of a White Swan: The Lost Live Recordings (Tompkins Square). He might have been a fairly obscure cult figure, but you wouldn’t guess it from the relative deluge of Basho product in recent years. There was a documentary, a five-CD box of unreleased material (Songs of the Avatars: The Lost Master Tapes), and yet another CD of unreleased early ‘70s sessions (Songs of the Great Mystery). In 2024, we have this five-CD set of yet more previously unissued recordings. Basho did release a lot of albums in his lifetime, but there’s much more to hear now than ever.

Basho wasn’t so great at documenting what was done when and where, however. Almost half of this set—all of discs one and three, and two of the six tracks on disc five—are noted as “date and location unknown.” Dates and locations of a few others are given educated estimates. It’s at least known that all of disc two was taped at Cowell College in Santa Cruz on May 13, 1967; much of disc four at Stanford University on October 19, 1969,;a couple tracks on disc five in April 1976; and some other cuts likely in 1970 and 1972. As Basho lived until 1986, theoretically the box could span his whole career. The recording quality is variable, but overall pretty good, ranging from excellent to easily listenable.

Dates aren’t as important as the music, which is pretty good and very characteristic of what you’d expect from Basho in concert: largely instrumental acoustic avant-folk guitar, with lots of shadings from non-Western forms like Indian and Native American music. He occasionally sings, and while it’s become a cliché to describe his vocals as an acquired taste, certainly his shaky and spooky delivery will strike many as bizarre, even for some who admire his instrumental skill. The melodies are minor-flavored and darkly haunting, and while there are similarities to his contemporary John Fahey, Basho is less accessible, and more unremittingly melancholy in tune.

Which makes this set eminently suitable for gray rainy days, though it’s a lot to take in at once; doesn’t have enormous variety; and isn’t at the top of what might be considered his best and most important recordings. Disc two might be the best place to start, both because its certain date and location provide at least some historical context, and there seems to be somewhat more of an Indian flavor to the material and execution. Thorough liner notes do the best they can to give some of that context given the mysterious provenance of much of what’s here, though there could have been clearer citations of what songs appeared on which of his other albums, given his complicated discography. The booklet does reproduce some rare posters, one of which is included as a full standalone foldout.

21. Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young: Live at the Fillmore East, 1969 (Rhino). This September 20, 1969 concert was one of the earliest CSNY gave. Only a month after their second one at Woodstock, it predates the release of their first album with Young (Déja Vu) by about half a year, and the recording of their live 4 Way Street album by eight to nine months. Divided into an acoustic set and an electric set, with top-notch fidelity, it carries quite a bit of historical weight.

Besides including versions of most of the songs on 1969’s Crosby, Stills and Nash LP—acoustic ones of “Helplessly Hoping,” “Guinnevere,” Lady of the Island,” “Suite: Judy Blue Eyes” “You Don’t Have to Cry”—there are previews of Dêja Vu’s “Our House” and “4+20,” as well as the 1970 non-LP B-side “Find the Cost of Freedom.” There’s more: a cover of the Beatles’ “Blackbird,” Neil Young’s Buffalo Springfield song “On the Way Home,” Young’s “Sea of Madness” (a different version than the one on the Woodstock soundtrack) and “Down By the River,” and a Young song, “I’ve Loved Her So Long,” from his self-titled debut album. Stills’s “Go Back Home,” which he performs as a solo acoustic piece, wouldn’t find official release until his 1970 self-titled debut album; “Bluebird Revisited” (done electrically), an entirely different song than Buffalo Springfield’s “Bluebird,” wouldn’t see official release until Stills’s second album.

4 Way Street, a huge hit record, was nonetheless sometimes criticized for performances that weren’t always as tight as expected. That’s not a problem on this considerably earlier set for the most part, though the harmonies fall apart at one point in “Helplessly Hoping.” But for all its imperfections, 4 Way Street has more energy and spontaneity, in the acoustic as well as the electric tracks. The material here, particularly on the acoustic half, is a little more sedate and tentative. If 4 Way Street is sometimes regarded as a bit peripheral to the main body of work CSNY produced in 1969 and 1970, this is yet more of a supplemental recording, though one worth hearing for dedicated fans.

22. Colosseum, Elegy: The Recordings 1968-1971 (Esoteric)Colosseum were a pretty popular recording act in their native Britain, with three of their albums making the UK Top Twenty. But not many would have anticipated such a flood of Colosseum product in recent years. There was a six-CD set of 1969-71 BBC recordings; five separate albums (one a double CD) of live concerts from the same era; and, around the same time as the set detailed in this review, a double CD (Upon Tomorrow) of yet more 1969-70 live recordings, along with studio outtakes of material being worked up for a possible album that could have been released in 1971. We also have this six-CD box set, Elegy, which has all five of their LPs from this period (one live and another that was US/Canada-only). Bonus tracks are added to a few of them, and there’s a sixth disc of “additional live recordings” from 1971. It’s the time of colossal Colosseum.

It’s also a lot to take in at once, even if you limit yourself to this mini-sized box, each CD except the sixth housed in sleeves replicating the original artwork. Colosseum specialized in brawny jazz-blues-rock that got more hard-rocking and blustery as time went on, especially when they changed vocalists. Featuring veterans of John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, a couple of whom had also done time in the Graham Bond Organisation, they’re best heard on their 1969 debut Those Who Are About to Die Salute You.

This is when their blend—quite an innovative one in the late 1960s—was at its most accessible, especially on a remake of one of Bond’s best songs, “Walking in the Park.” While there’s some meandering, there are also some solid blues-rock riffs, set apart from the usual such British fare by Dick Heckstall-Smith’s saxophone and Jon Hiseman’s pummeling drums. Three November 1968 bonus tracks on disc one include a demo of “Those About to Die” and two outtakes, Quincy Jones’s “In the Heat of the Night” and guitarist/singer James Litherland’s “I Can’t Live Without You,” indicating Colosseum had some ambitions to get just a bit poppier, though they could never quite effectively cross that line.

They got a bit proggier on their second effort, Valentyne Suite, with a three-part suite and generally more extended and ambitious arrangements. The material’s not as focused as the debut’s, though still with its share of just-about-catchy riffs and virtuosic interplay that doesn’t quite lose sight of a nominal if loose blues-rock base. The disc two bonus track “Tell Me Now” again indicates they made some tentative efforts at greater accessibility, without ever seeming like their hearts lay strongly in that direction.

To the perpetual confusion of collectors and discographers, 1970’s North American release The Grass Is Greener used some of the same tracks from Valentyne Suite, but with guitar and vocal overdubs by new member Clem Clempson, adding a few songs that hadn’t been on either of their first pair of UK albums. It’s pretty hard to keep what’s what straight even after reading liner notes several times, but the basic effect is about the same as Valentyne Suite, even if it’s not exactly a different version of that LP. As befits an act with ties to Mayall and Bond, one of the better tracks covers Jack Bruce’s “Rope Ladder to the Moon.”

From later in 1970, Daughter of Time marked a decisive change of direction for the still-young band, and not for the better. Most notably, Chris Farlowe came in as lead vocalist for the majority of material, including a cover of another Bruce staple, “Theme from an Imaginary Western.” Vocals had never been Colosseum’s strong suit, but replacing adequate yet serviceable singing with a better known figure with a far less suitable, overly dramatic style did not add up to a plus. The band as a whole were drifting toward a more pompous, freewheeling, and sometimes indulgent stance. Three bonus tracks on disc four include a demo of “Bring Out Your Dead” and a version of The Grass Is Greener’s “Jumping Off the Sun” with Farlowe on vocals.

Recorded in March 1971, Live largely offers reworkings of tracks from studio albums, including “Rope Ladder to the Moon” and “Walking in the Park,” with a few other items, including “Stormy Monday Blues,” with Farlowe as the chief singer. He also takes that role on the “Additional Live Recordings” disc, which has different versions of some tunes also on Live, but adds a few others, most notably “The Machine Demands a Sacrifice” and “The Valentyne Suite.” While the final disc is largely on the same level as Live, Colosseum in concert during this era could vary between the exciting and the challenging to endure, including when the admittedly terrifically talented Hiseman went into too-long drum soloing. The booklet’s lengthy liners go into detail on all of the recordings, which as noted are hardly the whole story of Colosseum on tape during this era, other releases including more than double the large amount of music on this package. (This review previously appeared in Ugly Things.)

23. Colosseum, Upon Tomorrow (Repertoire)As part of a deluge of recent archival Colosseum releases, one of the more modest is this two-CD compilation. The first disc presents the audio of a couple filmed performances in 1969 and 1970; the other has tracks that might have formed a foundation for a fourth UK studio album, though Colosseum broke up in late 1971 before such an LP could be issued. They’re not as essential as their best recordings, but have their interest for Colosseum completists, of which there must be a number considering how much product by the band from this era is available—about twenty CDs’ worth, in fact.

The first two tracks on disc one were taped, in decent sound, in March 1969 at the filming of Supershow, a production also featuring performances by Led Zeppelin and the Modern Jazz Quartet. Colosseum offer lively takes on a couple instrumentals from their debut album, “Debut” and “Those Who Are About to Die Salute You,” at a time when their fiery mixture of jazz, rock, and blues (and, on “Debut,” a bit of funk) was fresh both within the band and to the public.

These are followed by a couple longer live May 1970 pieces filmed for television, also in decent fidelity. “Downhill and Shadows,” which lasts a good twelve minutes, wouldn’t appear on their records until late 1970’s Daughters of Time, and reflects their move toward a more extended progressive rock, with a five-minute drum solo from Jon Hiseman. So does the nine-minute “The Valentyne Suite,” which had served as the finale to their second album in 1969. “Downhill and Shadows” does afford a chance to hear the number with guitarist Clem Clempson on vocals, rather than Chris Farlowe, who’d take over most of Colosseum’s singing by the time it was included on Daughters of Time.

Disc two is wholly devoted to demos and archive recordings that might have comprised and/or been reworked for a fourth UK album. (Note Colosseum already had four studio albums if you include 1970’s North American-only The Grass Is Greener, which had some previously released songs, but included some tracks unique to that LP.) Three cuts are demos from August 1971; another was done at a different studio later that month; and four aren’t dated, though presumably they’re from a similar era. 

Whether or not it’s a facsimile of a finished or nearly finished fourth album, this second disc is a peculiar assortment of pieces, certainly relative to Colosseum’s previous output. As audacious as their concept was, that material often had just-about-hummable riffs. Much of what was being worked on shortly before their split saw them venturing into yet longer, oft-winding excursions in line with the day’s most ambitious and at times impenetrable art rock.

Never was this more apparent than in the twelve-minute “The Pirate’s Dream,” heard in two versions. Like quite a bit of what they were working on, it have been hell for the musicians to memorize given its diffuse structure, and almost as difficult for audiences to follow. Sometimes the abandoned album doesn’t sound a million miles away from the likes of Kingdom Come, but without as appropriately eccentric a vocalist as Arthur Brown.

It’s questionable as to whether Colosseum could have maintained their fairly extensive British and European audience with such material. The first disc—when their jazzy elements, particularly Dick Heckstall-Smith’s saxophone and Hiseman’s explosive drumming, set them apart from most blues-rock acts—more effectively showcases their best assets, and the ones for which they’ll be principally remembered. (This review previously appeared in Ugly Things.)

24. Jorma Kaukonen, Reno Road (Fur Peace Productions). In summer 1960, then-college student Kaukonen recorded the material on this Record Store Day double LP, taped by his friend Jack Casady. While as easygoing blues-folk it’s decent but not special, it’s historically remarkable for a couple reasons. Even at this early stage, Kaukonen was a superb guitarist, and while his vocals are just adequate (and would, more so than his guitar work, get better), on the whole he doesn’t sound too much different than he did playing solo or in Hot Tuna ten or more years later. Also, his repertoire was already similar to early Hot Tuna’s. In fact, more than half dozen of the 23 songs here were either on Hot Tuna’s debut or on recordings from the gigs in late 1969 taped in consideration for that LP, some of which have come out on archival releases. It’s a little like hearing a Hot Tuna album without Casady. Had he not joined Jefferson Airplane, maybe this is how Kaukonen would be remembered—an above average white blues interpreter whose guitar was way above-average. Of course he went on to be much more than that, but this is where he started. The package reproduces the tape box and has a few photos of Kaukonen and Casady from the time, along with a brief liner note from Jorma.

25. The Mothers of Invention, Whisky A Go Go 1968 (Zappa/Universal). It’s a small matter, but although this is billed as a release by Frank Zappa & the Mothers of Invention, I’m crediting it just to the Mothers of Invention, as that’s how they were billed at the time. This three-CD set presents previously unreleased material, recorded live at the Whisky in L.A. on July 23, 1968, taped with the intention of gathering cuts for official release. Although the sound’s decent, it’s not great, and it’s not surprising it wasn’t issued at the time.

Sometimes I note that a selection on my lists makes it more for historical interest than for the excitement of the actual music itself. This fits that category more than any other record I’ve put on my year-end blog lists. As big a fan as I am of Freak Out and We’re Only In It for the Money, and to a significantly lesser degree of most of their other late-‘60s records, I’m astounded by how much less I enjoy the relatively few live recordings of the 1960s Mothers than their studio work. It’s almost as though they tried to be defiantly inaccessible in concert, seldom playing their most hummable, yet very complex and witty, tracks from those great Freak Out and We’re Only In It for the Money LPs. This isn’t unique to this Whisky set; I feel similarly about some other archive releases, like the one featuring 1967 live recordings in Sweden. 

There’s a bit of attention given to the most accessible songs from their early releases here, particularly “Hungry Freaks Daddy,” as well as the more overtly comic “Status Back Baby” and “Brown Shoes Don’t Make It.” Much of the playing, though, is jazzy or avant-garde improvisation, with jokey versions of a couple oldies (“My Boyfriend’s Back” and “Memories of El Monte”) along the way. I know theatrical visuals were big parts of the appeal of early Mothers performances, but that’s lost on an audio-only document. Not everyone agrees, but I also find much of the humor strained, which isn’t something I’d say of the still-clever satire on the early studio albums. It’s almost as though they’re holding back biting but catchy songs like “I’m Not Satisfied” and “I Ain’t Got No Heart,” not to mention disregarding the still-recent We’re Only In It for the Money, though live versions of the likes of “Who Needs the Peace Corps” and “Flower Punk” would be most welcome.

It’s frustrating, at least for my tastes, since “Hungry Freaks Daddy,” done with a different and jazzier lineup than the one that played it on Freak Out, proves they could do such early material in good arrangements that didn’t duplicate the studio ones. The experimental passages aren’t without their merit, even if I find them more interesting than engaging. Which means this record, while a document of note, isn’t something I’ll be playing much.

26. Paul McCartney & Wings, One Hand Clapping (Capitol). In late August 1974, McCartney and Wings were filmed playing in Abbey Road studios for a planned documentary. (Additional recording was done in October, with brass overdubs in January 1975.) The film didn’t come out, though some of the songs taped have shown up on archival CDs, as has footage. The documentary was only a little more than an hour long and included some non-music material, so this double CD, with about 83 minutes of music, has some stuff that wouldn’t have been heard in the film. (For what it’s worth, the film was also broadcast on UK TV in 2024, which I was unable to see.) There aren’t many records where I feel so much distance between the energy and quality of the leader’s performance (especially his vocals) and the quality of the actual songs. This coming from one of millions of self-anointed world’s biggest Beatle fans – as much as I love Paul’s work in the Beatles, I’m not a big fan of his solo efforts, even the early ones, though most of what’s here is okay.

Still, this does have many of his best and most popular early solo songs, sometimes done with orchestration, and with decent band backup, even if they can’t match the skills of the leader. Those tracks include “Jet,” “Maybe I’m Amazed,” “C Moon,” “My Love,” “Band on the Run,” “Live and Let Die,” “1985,” “Let Me Roll It,” “Junior’s Farm,” “Sally G,” and “Hi, Hi Hi.” They also include some forgettable early Wings filler and Denny Laine singing on the Moody Blues hit “Go Now,” and, and no one needed McCartney’s take on “Baby Face.” At this point he was reluctant to revisit his Beatles past, and the versions of “Let It Be,” “The Long and Winding Road,” and “Lady Madonna” are brief and noncommittal. Even discounting the absence of Beatles songs, certainly some of his better early-‘70s tunes are missing, particularly “Uncle Albert” and “Helen Wheels.” Hardcore McCartney fans might also lament the absence of relative obscurities like “Give Ireland Back to the Irish” and “The Mess.” But most of this is a well-chosen overview of his early solo repertoire and Wings as they reached their relative peak.

Top 25 (Or So) Music History Books of 2024

Of the three categories I prepare year-end best-of lists for, books have, at least in 2024, the greatest variety and diversity. Maybe it’s because it takes less money to write a book than to make a film or assemble a reissue, though it’s not so easy to find a publisher and distribution. So there’s an enormous range of artists covered, certainly in terms of their fame, from the Beach Boys to cult rockers for whom a full-length book would have been unimaginable during their lifetime, like Skip Spence.

My pick for the #1 music history book of 2024.

But there’s also a big spectrum of approaches used. In this list, we have biographies, memoirs by musicians, a memoir by a wife of a star, a memoir by a rock journalist, very detailed reference books of reviews and discographies, oral histories, and rock photo books. Some volumes sort of combine different approaches, like the very good one by two members of a group that didn’t make any records or much of a commercial impact, the Liverbirds. Many of them, unfortunately, won’t gain a big audience because they’re not about stars, including the #1 pick, though the short-lived group it documents did have a #1 hit in the UK.

1. Hollywood Dream: The Thunderclap Newman Story, by Mark Wilkerson (Third Man). If they’re remembered at all today, Thunderclap Newman—a group, not a guy—are usually only known for their 1969 hit “Something in the Air,” a #1 single in the UK, and a Top Forty entry in the US. They did make an album and have a few non-LP sides, but that might seem like slim pickings for constructing a 400-page biography. That’s not the case, in part because all three of the principals who formed Thunderclap Newman—singer/songwriter Speedy Keen, teenage guitarist Jimmy McCulloch (most known for his 1970s stint in Wings), and pianist Andy “Thunderclap” Newman—had interesting, quirky stories. The point’s often been made elsewhere, but this was about the most unusual combination of talent assembled for a notable 1960s rock act. On top of this, Pete Townshend was almost a fourth member, producing their album and playing bass on it.

Considering all three main members are dead, Wilkerson did a remarkable job with his research. He found and interviewed numerous key associates, not least among them Townshend. He did interview Newman before the pianist’s death, and also had access to unpublished Keen memoirs, as well digging up many period quotes from everyone. The pre- and (less interestingly) post-Newman careers of all three are covered, including McCulloch’s stint as a young teenager in One in a Million, and later times in John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, Stone the Crows, and Wings, among other acts. So is Keen’s contribution of his composition “Armenia City in the Sky” to The Who Sell Out and his longtime friendship with Townshend (and skimpy solo career), along with how Newman made his first impression on the Who guitarist as an eccentric jazz pianist when Pete was still an art school student.

Besides discussing, naturally, “Something in the Air,” Wilkerson also thoroughly documents the protracted creation of their only album, Hollywood Dream. Part of the reason Thunderclap Newman were short-lived is that—in what must have seemed unfathomable at the time—there was a gap of about a year between the debut single “Something in the Air” and their next single, and more than a year between “Something in the Air” and their album. Also, they weren’t accomplished as a live act, failing to put together many effective appearances to promote themselves before disbanding. A related problem was that although they could combine their disparate talents with Townshend’s guidance, they were really too different personally and musically to be able to communicate well between themselves. Wilkerson deftly weaves together stories that are in some ways difficult to connect, and pays substantial attention to the odd and hard-to-categorize music they did manage to record, though the section on Andy Newman’s final decades might be longer than it merits.  

2. The Beach Boys By the Beach Boys, by the Beach Boys (Genesis). In the spirit of the Beatles’ Anthology book, and several others in which group members tell their story in a volume with an oral history format, quotes from the Beach Boys (and a few others) cover their history here. It’s not quite up to the level of the Beatles’ Anthology in depth, visuals, and candor, but it’s still pretty interesting, even if you know a lot about the group and some of the stories are inevitably familiar. Fortunately, it cuts off at 1980, eliminating the lengthy later period in which they only sporadically put out music, and usually had more headlines for in-fighting and sad/tragic incidents. There’s a lot of depth to the coverage going way back to their first records and even earlier, and while most of the quotes are by the six principal Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Dennis Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston), there’s room for a few by guys who passed through the official lineup fairly briefly, those being David Marks, Blondie Chaplin, and Ricky Fataar. There are tons of pictures too, again running the gamut from familiar to rare, and some non-photo memorabilia, including Brian Wilson notebook lyrics to a song that’s titled “Surfer Girl” but seems entirely different from the hit of that name.

If you’re looking for weaknesses, these aren’t too significant, but a number of controversies are not mentioned or referred to only briefly. Those include their father Murry Wilson getting fired as manager, and selling their publishing for a sum far below what it was ultimately worth; full details of Brian’s nervous breakdown of sorts on tour in late 1964, which led to his near-withdrawal from live performance; Mike Love’s disputes with Van Dyke Parks over lyrics for Smile; and, not too surprisingly, Dennis’s involvement, which was more than fleeting, with the Manson Family. While opinions sharply differ on the quality of the group’s post-Smile music, from my viewpoint it went steadily downhill, and some of the sections on their 1970s work can be as tough going as it is to listen to their records from that period. And while most of the quotes are from the Beach Boys and a few of their peers, there are also some from much later acts that don’t add insights of note, like the Reid brothers from Jesus & Mary Chain and Rufus Wainwright. Some actual associates who could have added a few perspectives worth reading aren’t heard from, like Van Dyke Parks or session musician Carol Kaye.

Of course similar criticisms could be applied to other rock oral histories. The Beatles’ Anthology, for instance, didn’t include quotes from Pete Best, engineer Geoff Emerick, Allen Klein, or Yoko Ono. For those who want those other perspectives and coverage of the controversies, they’re detailed fairly extensively in some other books. This is still a good read – for the most part and mostly through the early ‘70s, anyway – and does focus on the music, the truly important foundation of the Beach Boys’ legacy.

3. Weighted Down: The Complicated Life of Skip Spence, by Cam Cobb (Omnibus Press). Singer-songwriter-guitarist (and sometime drummer) Spence was an important part of Moby Grape; drummer and occasional songwriter in early Jefferson Airplane; and auteur of one of the best and most haunting psychedelic folk albums, 1969’s Oar. That still might seem a slim resume to base a 375-page book on, but this is a good thoroughly researched biography that’s not unduly padded. The author interviewed quite a few people who worked with or knew Spence well, including several from Moby Grape; Jefferson Airplane guitarist Jorma Kaukonen; and several close family members, including Skip’s first wife. While much of Spence’s story has been told before, for those who are cult enthusiasts of his work—and I’m one—there’s a lot of new detail here, down to meticulous recaps of most of the known live shows he played, and some obscure acts he was part of before being whimsically recruited as the Airplane’s drummer. His ebullient personality and complex, eclectic songwriting (especially on Oar) is celebrated by his associates, and Oar’s mixture of rock, blues, country, folk, psychedelia, and goofball humor gets the most critical description. But his extensive mental problems are also delineated, though these didn’t seem to surface with a vengeance until the oft-told incident when he briefly took up with a mysterious woman when Moby Grape were recording in New York in mid-1968.

As to how Spence could descend into such a mentally and soon materially troubled life in his early twenties, that’s probably impossible to determine, especially as he’d seemed so musically together. And, if not exactly a paragon of stability, more personally together than his image might have you believe, having served in the Navy as a teenager without incident and then started, perhaps at too young an age, a family. His three decades or so in and out of hospitals, and on and off the streets, got generally worse as time went on. They’re not the main focus of the book (though much of it’s described in the last hundred or so pages), however, and though his sporadic attempts at post-‘60s music-making are also part of the story, they aren’t the dominant ones. Some stories that are part of the Spence legend are clarified along the way; he didn’t ride a motorcycle right from Bellevue hospital to Nashville to record Oar, for instance. The volume also includes an extensive gigography and sessionography.

4. Long Agos and Worlds Apart: The Definitive Small Faces Biography, by Sean Egan (Equinox). That’s not a typo in the title; it has the word “agos” in plural. Although this isn’t the only book on the Small Faces or their individual members, it is the most thorough one on the band’s career. Egan interviewed keyboardist Ian McLagan, drummer Kenney Jones, and even McLagan’s predecessor Jimmy Winston, who was in the group for their first couple singles; obviously he interviewed McLagan before McLagan’s death in 2014. Singer/guitarist Steve Marriott and bassist (and co-writer of much of their original material with Marriott) Ronnie Lane are extensively represented by archive quotes. Just as impressively, a good number of associates who aren’t always often heard from were also interviewed, including Pete Townshend, Marriott’s first wife, early manager Don Arden’s son David, Andrew Oldham, and Humble Pie drummer Jerry Shirley.

Of most importance, Egan tells their exciting, complex, and sometimes sad tale well, and not just through reflecting their complementary and at times clashing personalities. He describes all of their records in depth, including not only tracks from their hit singles and principal three LPs, but also B-sides and numerous cuts that only showed up on compilations. Although a big and enthusiastic fan for the most part, as in his other books, he doesn’t shy away from criticizing songs and production when merited. This isn’t at the expense of the core story, in which four very young musicians rose to fame very quickly, and went through wrenching management changes and financial shenanigans in a career that only lasted about four years. So is their somewhat mystifying failure to tour the US, attributable in part but not whole to a drug bust of McLagan, especially after “Itchycoo Park” had given them their sole US hit.

The impression’s given, by both the author and some of the band comments, that in retrospect the band should have stayed together longer, even though everyone went on to bigger global success with the Faces and Humble Pie. But maybe they weren’t destined to last considering widening differences between Marriott and Lane in particular, or patchy money matters that found them short of funds even after their 1968 album Ogdens Nut Gone Flake topped the UK charts. The group’s strange petering out in late 1968 and early 1969 with sessions backing French star Johnny Hallyday and anticlimactic commitment-filling gigs is covered, as is to some degree their subsequent careers (see Egan’s book on Rod Stewart’s early career for more on the Faces).

Those final sections inevitably lack the interest of the material on the 1960s, and Egan could have detailed the recent archive release of two fiery Belgian shows in early 1966 more extensively (though it’s mentioned). There might be more detail on the group’s financial mishaps and managerial conflicts than some might like, though these aren’t overdone. And there are other worthwhile details in the books Small Faces: The Young Mods’ Forgotten Story and the day-by-day The Small Faces Quite Naturally, as well as Jones’s memoir and the recent Marriott bio All or Nothing. However, this is the most complete and well-rounded volume on a band that’s proved more long-lasting, influential, and internationally beloved than anyone would have predicted when they disbanded, and considering their very limited ’60s success in the US. 

5. The Other Fab Four: The Remarkable True Story of the Liverbirds, Britain’s First Female Rock Band, by Mary McGlory and Sylvia Saunders (Grand Central). The co-authors were both in the Liverbirds, the all-women Liverpool quartet who played extensively for about four years in the mid-1960s. They weren’t too familiar to English-speaking audiences, as they played mostly in Germany, and there often at Hamburg’s Star-Club, for whose record label they made a couple LPs and some singles. McGlory and Saunders alternate the writing of different chapters, an approach that in other books can be awkward, but works pretty smoothly here. It’s an interesting tale that’s not like the usual memoir of rockers that didn’t make it big, in part but not only because they faced the unusual task (and sometimes obstacles) of being one of the few all-women bands who played their own instruments who were around in that era. They also had interactions, if sometimes fleeting, with many of the big names of the times, including the Beatles, Rolling Stones, Kinks, and Brian Epstein. There are also insight into the rewards and challenges of making a career in Germany, and behind-the-scenes stories of how the famed Hamburg rock scene worked, as well as life in the red light district where the acts played.

While their music and records are not neglected, these were not as interesting as their story, being dominated by cover versions and boasting an unpolished feel that put them more on the level of an average British group of the time than musical innovators. Opportunities to be managed by Epstein or Kinks manager Larry Page before they relocated to Hamburg weren’t followed up on, and they didn’t play in the UK much after that, and never made it to the US, where they’re still little known. Although the authors don’t have regrets about concentrating on the German market, it’s a little surprising that they don’t have many if any regrets about not making inroads elsewhere. While they take pride in the few original songs they recorded, all written by guitarist Pam Birch, there’s also not much of a sense of trying to forge a more original sound based on their own material. That almost certainly would have made them passé by the end of the 1960s had they not broken up before then due to marriages and other obligations, including guitarist Val Gell becoming a caretaker for a boyfriend who became disabled. They had to do a 1968 Japanese tour without Gell or drummer Saunders, which pretty much ended the group. While the authors went on to pretty stable lives dotted by periodic Liverbirds reunions, Birch and Gell weren’t as fortunate, and their spells with poverty and physical/substance issues are detailed in some of the final chapters.

6. MC5: An Oral Biography of Rock’s Most Revolutionary Band, by Brad Tolinski, Jaan Uhelszki, and Ben Edmonds (Hachette). Based on interviews done over a series of years by the late Ben Edmonds, this has quotes of varying length—sometimes very extensive—by all of the MC5 except Fred Smith, as well as close associates like manager John Sinclair, manager/producer Jon Landau, A&R man Danny Fields, promoter Russ Gibb, and a few wives/girlfriends of the band. Linking text by the two other authors sets the basic scene of the group’s origins, ascent, and downfall. This is pretty interesting throughout, in part because the band’s career was so unusual in their affiliation with political activists and incendiary performances, in addition to their pre-punk-metal-ish hard rock music. There’s far more attention paid to the Sinclair era, which encompassed their first and by far most famous album, than the few years (and two albums) after Sinclair was jailed and the band cut their ties with him, though the early ‘70s do get some space.

As expected if you come into this with a decent knowledge of the MC5’s history, there are often quite different accounts and perspectives on the same incidents. As just one example, guitarist Wayne Kramer expresses his displeasure with Kick Out the Jams at length, claiming “nobody liked it.” In the very next quote, Sinclair states, “You couldn’t have a more accurate representation of how the band sounded.” The band’s descent and dissolution, at least in retrospect and especially reading through these memories, was unsurprising given the tensions between their revolutionary zeal and hunger for national success; spontaneity and the professionalism required to make records that might sell and get on the radio; and Sinclair’s communal/political ethos and the musicians’ eventual desire for greater individual and economic freedom.

It’s a little surprising, for me anyway, to read a fair amount of criticism of singer Rob Tyner on various grounds – not moving around enough on stage, not being as committed as some of the others in some respects, and other matters that can seem a little picky, considering how vital he was to the group’s music. Note that while much of the MC5 story’s told here, Kramer and bassist Michael Davis’s memoirs, as well as Leni Sinclair’s Motor City Underground, are also worth reading for those who want more. Also note that while Elektra Records comes off badly for dropping the MC5 after they caused headaches at a violence-strewn Fillmore East concert and a major Detroit retailer stopped distributing Elektra product when the group took out a profane ad against the store, the book doesn’t give Elektra’s different side of the story. That’s in Elektra head Jac Holzman’s memoir Follow the Music, which also has comments, some quite negative, from Kick Out the Jams co-producer Bruce Botnick.

As one relatively minor point for me to pick on, a couple MC5ers and John Sinclair dump on Big Brother & the Holding Company, Tyner saying they “had no rhythm section. There was no drive,” and Sinclair claiming “we killed Big Brother & the Holding Company” when the MC5 opened for them. On a recent Record Store Day release of Big Brother at one of the shows the MC5 opened for them (on March 2, 1968) at Detroit’s Grande Ballroom, Big Brother sound very good. It’s impossible to verify whether they were killed by the MC5 without a tape of the MC5 set, but certainly the audience responds enthusiastically to Big Brother, if perhaps not with over-the-top wildness.

7. Just Backdated: Melody Maker: Seven Years in the Seventies, by Chris Charlesworth (Spenwood). From 1970 to 1977, Chris Charlesworth was a staff member of the British weekly pop music paper Melody Maker. For about half of that time, he was the magazine’s New York correspondent, actually living in the city as a base for interviewing musicians from both sides of the Atlantic and writing stories that might not have been too easy to get in the UK in pre-Internet days. Charlesworth wrote about, interviewed, and sometimes hung out with and befriended many musicians, from the ex-Beatles, the Who, and Led Zeppelin down to pre-stardom CBGB figures like Patti Smith and Blondie.

This is a good memoir of those years that balances purely musical memories with much of the colorful fun and games the acts got up to, on tour and otherwise (and in which Charlesworth not infrequently participated). There are numerous quotes from stories and concert/record reviews he wrote for Melody Maker, but not so many that they interfere with an overall storytelling flow. While some of the accounts are straightforwardly devoted to the musical side of things, sometimes they relay behind-the-scenes incidents that didn’t make it into print at the time and might embarrass some big names, or, in the case of John Bonham drunkenly assaulting a flight attendant, cause much worse than mere embarrassment. If few of the acts come across poorly and the author became chummy with some of them (especially Keith Moon), some of the stars he spoke with acted very disagreeably, especially Sly Stone (taking his wife-to-be into an adjoining room during an actual interview for a sex break) and a haughty Neil Diamond.

What’s most striking about Charlesworth’s experiences is how easier it was for a young, not-so-veteran rock critic to get access to big stars in those days, sometimes just by ringing up personal telephone numbers willingly volunteered to him by the acts themselves. Also surprising, at least at this distance, is how big a bill record companies and publicists footed for flying around journalists to write about their clients, and sometimes do more than just the writing. This might have crossed some ethical lines in how labels and PR staff probably expected good bulky coverage in return, something the author periodically acknowledges, though without too much anguish, especially considering how much fun he was having, whether at their expense or not. If stories about some of the aforementioned artists and other big names like David Bowie might be the biggest attractions, it’s also remarkable how much stylistic range a staff writer like Charlesworth had to document as part of his job. These weren’t just the big stars and hip underground names, but the ones that time has not respected, like Black Oak Arkansas, though he dutifully did his job and wrote what he was required to file.

8. Drums and Demons: The Tragic Journey of Jim Gordon, by Joel Selvin (Diversion). Jim Gordon was one of the top rock drummers of the 1960s and 1970s, though he’s about as well known for murdering his mother in the early 1980s. So this biography is in some ways a tough one to read, but it’s sensitively balanced between appreciation of his talents and documentation of his mental illness. Gordon might be most known to general rock fans as drummer in Derek and the Dominos, but he played on tons of hit records by many artists, as well as on many virtually unknown discs (and jingles and TV themes). Serving an on-the-road apprenticeship with the Everly Brothers as a teenager, he also played live with acts ranging from Paul Anka to Jackson Browne. Selvin details his contributions to hits like Carly Simon’s “You’re So Vain” meticulously but readably, which involved not just top technique, but also imaginative use of many parts of his kit. There are also stories of how he worked in the Dominos, including his contribution as a songwriter to “Layla,” though one of his numerous girlfriends, singer Rita Coolidge, was also involved in constructing the long piano-led tag and didn’t get a credit.

Gordon didn’t show many obvious signs of mental illness for his first decade or so as a professional, with the vital exceptions of episodes in which he attacked Coolidge and his second wife. His descent into schizophrenia was painful, enhanced by substance abuse. He continued to play drums, though by the 1980s his reputation had lowered to the point where he was part of a bar band. By that time voices he was hearing in his head had gotten to the point where he repeatedly moved his gold records and drums back and forth to the dumpster where he lived. His subsequent lifetime prison stint isn’t detailed in much more than epilogue fashion, appropriately as what he did before of much greater interest and significance.

9. Shapes of Things: From the Yardbirds to Yusuf with Paul Samwell-Smith, interviews with David French (self-published). Since this book is pretty short, running about 100 pages, and almost all Q&A interviews with one person, its audience will be limited. That’s fine—if you’re a Yardbirds fan, it’s well worth reading, since these are the most extensive recollections their bassist ever gave. Samwell-Smith also produced the first Renaissance album (when they were led by ex-Yardbirds singer Keith Relf and ex-Yardbirds drummer Jim McCarty) and, more famously, Cat Stevens’s big albums and Carly Simon’s Anticipation. About half the book discusses his time in the Yardbirds (in which he often also acted as producer); the other half his early years as a producer, in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

There’s not much controversy here, unless you want to count his brief affair with Simon—just a lot of detail about records in which he was involved, as well as the Yardbirds’ performances and career. Samwell-Smith was more important than many fans realized to the Yardbirds as an innovative, propulsive bassist and producer (though he was sometimes credited as “musical director” rather than producer), and has a lot of interesting things to say about their discs and their dynamics, with both Eric Clapton and Jeff Beck. Maybe the sections on Stevens aka Yusuf and Simon are of less interest to Yardbirds fanatics, but they’re worthwhile for their perspectives on record production, which are clear and balanced, as are his perspectives on the Yardbirds.

The interviewer/author, David French, also did a good recent biography of Relf, Heart Full of Soul. Combined with McCarty’s good memoir from a few years before that, these add up to a decent biography of the Yardbirds, though spread across a few sources.

10. Phil Ochs On Track: Every Album, Every Song, by Opher Goodwin (Sonicbond). This is one of the more valuable volumes of Sonicband’s very extensive series going through the discography of notable artists. In part that’s because Ochs, unlike some of the other performers featured in the series, wasn’t a big star, and there’s no other book to my knowledge that goes into his catalog in depth. This follows the On Track format of detailed description, and some critical analysis, of all of Ochs’s material. More attention is paid to the lyrics than the music, but the music isn’t ignored, either in the melodies or the arrangements, which evolved considerably from the plain acoustic accompaniment of his early albums. Goodwin also gives a lot of context for the political and social events that inspired many of the songs. While this can be overdone or extraneous in many books, in Ochs’s case it’s both extremely relevant and pretty interesting, as his writing was more directly inspired by and about contemporary events and situations than perhaps any other significant performer of his time.

Although not every Ochs fan will share this view, one of the book’s primary assets is how it gives a lot of straight detail about his many releases that include tracks that weren’t featured on his primary LPs. There were a lot of these, including non-LP singles, items that only showed up on compilations, and numerous posthumous releases of live recordings, outtakes, and demos. It’s a pretty complicated discography for someone who didn’t have hit records, and I’ve long wished something of the sort would be compiled to make it clear what came out where. And this material is hardly of interest only to collectors; while overall not as strong or important as his full-length studio albums, they include some very fine songs and performances, and many compositions that weren’t released while he was alive. Justifiably, the songs on his Elektra and A&M albums get the most text, but enough info is given on the rest of his work to give you a good idea of what’s out there. That includes bootlegs, of which there were many more than I suspected. 

11. Jimi Hendrix: The Day I Was There, by Richard Houghton (Spenwood). Part of a series of collections of stories and memories by those who were there at the concerts of major performers, this assembles plenty of them from people who saw Hendrix between 1965 and 1970. That might sound like a marginal contribution to Hendrix literature, but at 476 pages, it’s hardly insubstantial. Too, those quoted range from the very most famous Hendrix fans, including Paul McCartney, to accounts collected by many just plain fans specifically for this volume. There are some contributions by relative insiders who actually worked with Hendrix at some capacity, if only for one specific concert. The majority, however, are concertgoers whose interactions with Jimi were just as members of the audience. Inevitably there’s much repetition of basic points as to how brilliant and life-changing he was, as well as some overly self-consciously poetic prose about his unearthly significance. But there are some pretty interesting stories and perspectives here too, as well as some unusual incidents that don’t get reported in the usual Hendrix biography. Sometimes onlookers at the same concert directly contradict each other as to what happened, as might be expected when trying to recall what took place about half a century later.

A few things that are striking when reading these in such bulk is how young Hendrix’s audience usually was – often teenaged or barely teenaged, and seldom as old as Jimi himself was. Also how much easier it was to get pretty close to the stage with superstars then, and not infrequently manage to get a word with Jimi or members of his band, or retrieve a piece of his equipment, or sometimes (though not too often) even party with Jimi and the Experience after the show. Famous concerts like the Monterey, Woodstock, and Isle of Wight festivals are documented, but most of the entries are for less celebrated venues as he built his following in the UK and then criss-crossed the US. Interwoven with descriptions of Hendrix are oft-amusing recollections of how much quirky planning it took to attend a concert if you were very young back then, with plenty of rides from parents, or lies to parents that were necessary to sneak out. Sometimes these dominate the accounts, but the music isn’t overlooked, with some vivid descriptions, when the participants have clear memories, of specific songs, guitar burnings, Mitch Mitchell drumming, and opening acts like the Soft Machine and Cat Mother. It also seems like Hendrix played “The Star Spangled Banner” at quite a few shows before his famous Woodstock version. 

12. Pressing News: British Music As It Happened 1962-1972, by Richard Morton Jack (Lansdowne). This is the kind of book whose interest is pretty limited to intense historians/collectors/fanatics, and that you use for reference rather than reading all at once, or even in its entirety. That doesn’t mean it isn’t valuable, of course, built around reproductions of more than a hundred press releases for British rock artists between the early 1960s and early 1970s. Usually the releases are tied to specific records, from the most famous (Sgt. Pepper) to some by very obscure acts (Fresh Maggots, Jerusalem, and the Pete Best Four, to name just a few examples). These are accompanied by quite a few reprints of reviews, and sometimes full stories, that appeared about these records and acts at the time, not years later, when critical views about the performers and their importance often shifted. There are also reproductions of some ads from the period, and each entry has a substantial paragraph from the author explaining the context of the material and the performers’ career at the time.

A little disappointingly—and this has nothing to do with the talent of the author and the usual fine design he brings to his specialized books—the releases themselves (and the reviews) are often bland and basic, if reflective of how the industry promoted rock at the time. There aren’t a ton of genuine surprises, though it’s a great service to have reviews from UK music papers reprinted, as (except for Melody Maker, and to extent NME) accessing the ones from British weeklies is difficult, even for the major Disc and Record Mirror publications. Morton Jack also dug up quite a few items from general interest/regional newspapers and magazines that have seldom been seen since their publications, going back to a few (such as a review in the Newtown & Earlestown Guardian) in the book’s first entry, on the Beatles’ “Love Me Do” single. Almost all of the reviews and stories, incidentally, are sourced from UK publications, though a very few from the US are present.

There are some surprising nuggets here and there for British rock obsessives. Not everyone cares about such things, but it was interesting to read, for instance, a quote from the Zombies’ road manager hailing their cover of “Sticks and Stones” as the best track on their debut LP; Marc Bolan quoted as calling the Who’s debut album “a bad LP”; or that the Move’s debut LP was originally intended for November 1966 (it didn’t appear until 1968) and was to be titled Move Mass. While it’s unlikely every reader wants to go through the clippings and releases for all of the selections depending on their taste (especially the more esoteric ones from the late 1960s and early 1970s), there’s something for every fan of British rock of the period here, from the superstars to worthy cult acts like Blossom Toes.

13. Gettin’ Kinda Itchie: The Groups That Made the Mamas & the Papas, by Richard Campbell (www.gettinkindaitchie.com). Before the Mamas & the Papas were formed, all four members did quite a bit of time, and (except for Michelle Phillips) made a good number of records, as parts of primarily folk-oriented groups, going back to the mid-1950s. These included, for John Phillips, the Smoothies, the Journeymen, and the New Journeymen; for Denny Doherty, the Halifax Three, the Mugwumps, and the New Journeymen; for Cass Elliot, the Big Three and the Mugwumps; and for Michelle Phillips, the New Journeymen. All of these roots, and routes to the Mamas & the Papas, are thoroughly explored and documented in this self-published volume. It’s well above the standards of the usual self-published book, both in its design, with many photos and reproductions of vintage ads and record sleeves, and the writing, by a Mamas & the Papas authority who’s written about them and their pre-Mamas & the Papas groups extensively for many years.

It’s true this part of the story, and the music that was made by these acts, isn’t as interesting as the Mamas & the Papas’ story (brief as their career was). It’s also true that for general Mamas & the Papas fans, the essentials might be satisfactorily covered in the recent (and best) Mamas & the Papas biography, Scott G. Shea’s All the Leaves Are Brown: How the Mamas & the Papas Came Together and Broke Apart. But the level of detail here is impressive, down to descriptions of the jingles and commercials — quite a few, actually — recorded for the likes of beer companies by the Journeymen and the Big Three. Much of the information was gleaned from first-hand interviews, not only of musicians in the groups, but also of many of their associates, including some with surprising resumes, like Journeyman-for-a-while Marshall Brickman, who went on to fame as a screenwriter (mostly famously for Annie Hall). There’s even an appendix laying out all of these group’s known concerts, TV/radio appearances, records, and recording sessions, which are more extensive than almost anyone would suspect.

14. King Mod: The Story of Peter Meaden, The Who, and the Birth of a British Subculture, by Steve Turner (Red Planet). Peter Meaden managed the Who for a while around mid-1964, though the nature of his management, how official it was, and how long it lasted has been reported in various ways. Steve Turner interviewed Meaden in 1975, a few years before Meaden died, and it was the most extensive interview he ever gave. That interview, parts of which were printed in a few outlets in the past, is reprinted in its entirety here, taking up almost a third of this 275-page book.

But more of the book’s devoted to a general biography of Meaden, who was most celebrated for his association with the Who, but also managed some other acts, was involved in other aspects of the music business, and did a lot to help establish the mod movement. There’s about as much attention paid to the fashion and lifestyle side of mod and Meaden as the music, since he was one of the pacesetters in setting mod trends in London. But there’s also, in addition to the expected coverage of how he was vital to injecting mod sensibilities into the Who, interesting text on his management of the British soul act Jimmy James and the Vagabonds; his brief work promoting, rather ineptly, Captain Beefheart’s first trip to the UK; his erratic collaboration with a young Andrew Oldham, who quickly outpaced Meaden as a mover and shaker in the British music business owing to his greater business savvy; and his brief resurrection of sorts working with Steve Gibbons in the mid-‘70s. 

Besides his interview with Meaden, Turner also draws upon comments from people who knew Peter. It’s a quicker read than you might expect, since there are a lot of full-page photos of Meaden and interesting people on the mod scene, including good ones of the 1964 Who. That’s okay, however, as the photos are themselves quite good and interesting, with informative captions.

The full-length Meaden interview isn’t as interesting as I hoped. It’s quite repetitious, and he seemed more intent on making general rather hyper observations on the hedonistic mod lifestyle as the music associated with it. The most interesting part, naturally, is when he does get around to discussing the Who, though he seems to view his contribution to their career primarily in influencing their clothes. He also talks about their “I’m the Face”/“Zoot Suit” debut single as the High Numbers, though more in terms of how zealously he promoted it (though it sold very few copies) than how it might have reflected the Who’s creativity. Which it didn’t, very well, in part because both sides were rewrites of American R&B songs with different lyrics (“I’m the Face” of Slim Harpo’s “Got Love If You Want It,” “Zoot Suit” of the Dynamics’ “Misery”). Meaden misremembered the Showmen’s “Country Fool” as the source for “Zoot Suit,” a mistake which got repeated numerous times in Who biographies and other rock history literature. He expresses no regret or acknowledgement about taking the songwriting credits for these blatant rewrites, which might not have been on the up-and-up.

Although a key part of the mod movement and (if only in passing) the Who’s early career, Meaden wasn’t organized or visionary enough to compete on the same level as managers like Oldham or the Who’s Kit Lambert and Chris Stamp, getting paid 500 pounds to relinquish his involvement with the band by the band’s new and more ambitious managers. A couple comments in the book reflect Meaden’s colorful inability to fully optimize his genuine enthusiasm for mod and music. The jacket he bought for Roger Daltrey, as seen in promotional material for the High Numbers single, “was the high point of my career, you might say,” he notes in his interview with Turner. In a report made by immigration officials when Captain Beefheart and his band were denied entry to the UK for lack of work permits, “Mr. Meaden then pleaded for clemency on the grounds of his own stupidity, a plea which was rejected.”

It’s not too important, but if you’re on the lookout for embarrassing mistakes, Roger Daltrey’s last name is misspelled as “Daltry” in one caption—a 1966-level goof that doesn’t belong in a 2024 book. It’s also odd it’s mentioned that Meaden and Oldham were involved with the Moments, Steve Marriott’s pre-Small Faces group, which is not mentioned in the most thorough Small Faces biography, Sean Egan’s recent Long Agos and Worlds Apart: The Definitive Small Faces Biography (also reviewed in this post).

15. The Dave Clark Five: Bits & Pieces! Every Song from Every Session, 1962-1973, by Peter Checksfield (www.peterchecksfield.com). Like Checksfield’s books for the Searchers, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Tremeloes, this lists and describes every release by the book’s featured act, the Dave Clark Five. Maybe some people feel they weren’t good or important enough to merit such intense documentation, but for all their success, no one’s done such a thing before. And for all the uneven quality of their output, they did make a good number of good records, not limited to the numerous hits that, to quote a title of two (!) entirely different hits of the same name they had, “Everybody Knows.” Everything from their dozen or so years is here, from their obscure (and mediocre) 1962 singles through their plethora of US-only albums, their little known early ‘70s releases (including those credited to Dave Clark & Friends), and even a good number of unreleased or download-only tracks. Checksfield’s assessment of these is, in keeping with his other volumes, pretty generous. But the sound of each them is described, and for all their fame, you’d be surprised how little pure description is given to the band’s catalog in rock literature, aside from their big hits.

While there weren’t a ton of oddities in the group’s large discography, some that even DC5 collectors might have missed are noted, like the full original version of “’Til the Right One Comes Along” (the piano solo is edited out of the version on the History of the Dave Clark Five CD compilation). There’s also a very comprehensive listing of their many TV (and occasional film) appearances, for which they seldom managed to actually play live instead of to the record; many picture sleeves of LPs and 45s, some of them rare non-US/UK releases; some sheet music repros; and some stills from their TV/film spots, although all of the illustrations are in black and white. It is striking, though not previously unknown, how many more DC5 records came out in the US than in their native UK; Epic Records really squeezed out what they could in the group’s 1964-67 prime. It’s also striking how the label went all-out for picture sleeves on their US 45s, all the way through the end of the ‘60s, though their last big American hit was in 1967.

Note that this book become unavailable as a print version shortly after its release in that format. The text, without the images in the print version, can be accessed at https://peterchecksfield.com/the-dave-clark-five-bits-pieces/.

16. Labyrinth: British Jazz on Record 1960-75, by Richard Morton Jack (Landsdowne). British jazz from this era is not a specialty of mine, and I daresay not a specialty of too many people, even in the UK, and less so elsewhere. However, this is an exceptionally well produced record guide to many—I would venture most—of the British jazz LPs made between 1960 and 1975. It’s not just a discography listing catalog numbers and dates; each of the several hundred albums gets a fully considered paragraph-long review by the author. Many of the entries also print excerpts from reviews of the albums actually printed around the time of their release, along with full-page reproductions of the front and back covers and inner labels. There’s also a very interesting and lengthy introduction by musician and producer Tony Reeves, who was part of and worked with several acts during this period, most famously Colosseum. There are also a few pages reproducing ads of the time for British jazz releases.

Even within the world of jazz enthusiasts and collectors, British jazz doesn’t get a ton of attention, and many of the names will be unfamiliar to readers as few made an international impact. The ones that did tended to be ones whose impact bled over to the rock audience, like Jack Bruce, John McLaughlin, Chris Spedding, Colosseum (though only their first LP is included), Harold McNair (via his work with Donovan), John Cameron (also as a Donovan associate), Hugh Hopper (with Soft Machine), Elton Dean (part of Soft Machine for a while), Henry Lowther (part of Manfred Mann and John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers for a while), and others. Morton Jack covered some British rock with a jazz influence in the massive British rock guide he edited and wrote many reviews for, Galactic Ramble, and rock albums by the many acts with players with jazz experience are usually detailed in there.

This is the place to learn about names known more to jazz aficionados, like Joe Harriott, Mike Westbrook, Norma Winstone, Michael Gibbs, and Nucleus, though one (Dudley Moore) is extremely famous, though not principally for his accomplished jazz piano. It also offers insight into some styles that were more prevalent in British jazz than elsewhere, like Indo-Jazz. This volume would rank higher on my list if I was more heavily interested in the subject; its modest ranking is not a reflection of the high quality of the writing and graphics. (My interview with the author of this book is at http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/british-jazz-1960-1975-author-richard-morton-jack-talks-about-his-definitive-guide-labyrinth/.)

17. Magical Highs – Alvin Lee & Me: A Sixties Woodstock Memoir, by Loraine Burgon (Spenwood). The author was Alvin Lee’s partner for about a decade from the early 1960s through the early 1970s, and while they didn’t marry, she was there for his rise from Nottingham cover bands to stardom with Ten Years After. This is above average for a partner memoir, as it’s pretty detailed and well written, and—in a less common virtue—often attentive to the music, with plenty of accounts of concerts, recordings, and Lee’s evolution as a guitarist, songwriter, and singer. Sometimes there’s too much space given to non-musical aspects of their lives, like how their homes were set up and drug use. But although the pair separated in 1973, her love for Lee and his music is clear—indeed, she never did seem to stop loving him, though she might have realized they weren’t ultimately suited for the long haul.

Considering how tight they were for a pretty long period, their relationship unraveled fairly quickly over the course of about a year when they moved to large home (actually their second large home) outside of London, with both getting caught up in extramarital affairs and Lee’s attention getting distracted by some drugs and interlopers. This included a very brief fling between Burgon and George Harrison, whose delights in earthly pleasures contrast with his holier image as a devout follower of Indian religion, and doesn’t come off as well as he usually does in rock histories. After leaving Lee, Burgon was involved with Traffic’s Jim Capaldi for a couple years, and then caught up in a zealous bust of Ronnie Wood’s home with Wood’s then-wife (both were found innocent after a couple trials). That’s where the story ends and while those post-Lee adventures are covered in satisfactory depth, most of the book’s given to her journey with Lee, also documenting their pot and LSD use with unusual positivity for a rock memoir. As Lee himself didn’t write an autobiography, this is as close as we might come to a Ten Years After history, so close-up is the account.

18. Dreams: The Many Lives of Fleetwood Mac, by Mark Blake (Pegasus). This is unusually structured for a biography, or a sort of biography. Instead of going through the history of the band from beginning to end, the 400-page book is divided into a little more than 100 short chapters, each dwelling on a pretty particular aspect of the group and their career. These progress in roughly chronological order, but not strictly; the overview of Christine McVie’s life, for instance, is the last chapter. The chapter subjects range from profiles, if always brief, of each member (even the ones who passed through very briefly, like original bassist Bob Brunning) and appreciations of individual LPs and singles to very specific ones, like Peter Green’s guitar and their semi-rivalry with the Eagles. There’s a lot of white space at the end of chapters (and sometimes separating sections), so this is quicker to read than most 400-page rock bios.

I was a little skeptical of this approach, but it works pretty well here, since these are told with an eye for interesting and sometimes saucy anecdotes. There are also close-ups of incidents and aspects of Fleetwood Mac that aren’t discussed much, like supermodel Uschi Obermaier’s relationship with the band, or (less interestingly) their influence on early Status Quo. Of course it gets less interesting the more you go past the 1970s, and some of the chapters get into trivia not-so-interesting; it’s not necessary to give a song-by-song account of their 1997 reunion show, for instance. But even if you only read the parts pertaining to eras of Fleetwood Mac that interest you, there’s some interesting stuff here. It’s not satisfying as a comprehensive biography of the band, but it doesn’t intend to be, and you can fill in those details with the many other books about Fleetwood Mac and their individual members.

19. Under a Rock, by Chris Stein (St. Martin’s Press). The Blondie guitarist’s memoir is a rather raw affair in both its content and execution. Stein does cover much of the group’s heyday with some inside detail and droll humor, with even some pretty dramatic incidents discussed in a rather terse fashion, though with enough character and wit to avoid being purely matter-of-fact. Much of the CBGB scene during Blondie’s rise is also recounted. So are his years growing up in New York and his fairly drawn-out path from garage bands and general bohemian lifestyle to meeting Debbie Harry and being a key cog in Blondie’s formation. These are interspersed with a great many non-musical stories, from accounts of his cats to his take on Burning Man, to give just a couple examples. Some of those digressions are interesting and amusing; some of them are not only less so than his musical activities, but at times almost random in their appearance and purpose.

This becomes more apparent in the final sections after his breakup with Harry and Blondie’s split in the 1980, with the last few decades covered in a much more cursory fashion than his pre-1985 years. That’s not such a great loss as almost every reader will be far more interested in Blondie’s prime than their reunions, but the general erratic focus becomes yet less sharp in the last few chapters. A greater focus on the music—the big reason people are interested in Stein—instead of the memories that almost seem like conversational asides would have helped. Still, there are good stories about the composition of some of their most celebrated songs, their studio productions (particularly with producer Mike Chapman, but also their earlier ventures with Richard Gottehrer), their troubled business and management affairs, their success with reggae (including how Stein found the original version of “The Tide Is High”) and disco outings, and their overall unlikely evolution from struggling underground club band to international touring superstars. In combination with Harry’s memoir from a few years back, it fills in a lot of Blondie’s history, though neither book—nor both taken together—are as comprehensive as they could have been.

20. Triggers: A Life in Music, by Glen Matlock with Peter Stoneman (Weldonowen). There’s some material about Matlock’s personal upbringing and life here (if very little about his romantic relationships), but true to its title, this is mostly about his musical career. And an interesting one it is, most famous of course for his time in the Sex Pistols. His years leading up to and including his time as their bassist and frequent songwriter take up more than half the book, and as expected, his rather brief initial stint in the band’s mid-’70s lineup is the most interesting part. The other sections have their value, however, including his more pop-punkish late-’70s group, the Rich Kids; the Sex Pistols’ various reunions; a few solo projects; and tours with Iggy Pop, late-period (very late, quite recent) Blondie, and (briefly) a reunited Faces without Rod Stewart.

It’s an average rock memoir in a good way, meaning the emphasis is on stories of how Matlock met Malcolm McLaren working at McLaren’s King’s Road fashion shop; his time at a prestigious London art school before music became his focus; how the Pistols got together, including their ousting of original member Wally Nightingale, whose handling Matlock regrets; their rise to hit singles and notoriety, and Glen getting replaced by Sid Vicious in early 1977; and the many ups and downs, most work-related but some personal, in the many years since the late-’70s punk explosion. Unlike many such memoirs, however, the author does seem to understand what interests readers most. That means interesting detail about how he wrote or co-wrote songs, including the most famous of these, “Anarchy in the UK,” “God Save the Queen,” and “Pretty Vacant”; how the Sex Pistols worked out arrangements, and went through several studios, labels, and producers as they began recording; and the dynamic, sometimes fractious, between the band members, and between the band and manager McLaren. Matlock takes pains to give his side of the story of leaving the group, particularly that in his view, it wasn’t a commonly cited reason that he liked the Beatles.

It’s relayed in a straightforward likable fashion, not above poking fun at himself, others, and the odd serendipitous circumstances that got the Pistols together and noticed in the first place. Ever since, there were some interesting encounters with other figures like David Bowie, Mick Ronson, and the early Clash. In the more side-note category, he’s refreshingly no-holds-barred in his attack on Brexit and contemporary conservative politics. There is a bad mistake no one else might point out, if a very footnote-like one, when it’s stated Badfinger (whose manager the Pistols met in their early days) had broken up by the time Nilsson covered their song “Without You” for a huge hit in 1971; the most successful lineup of Badfinger in fact stayed together until the mid-’70s. And speaking of the footnotes sprinkled throughout the book, an intriguing one states that “Malcolm once told me that Jamie Reid, the artist who created the Sex Pistols sleeves, was briefl a member of the Moody Blues, but Malcolm said lots of things.”

21. Only You Know & I Know, by Dave Mason with Chris Epting (DTM Entertainment). Still perhaps known more for his stint in Traffic than anything else, Dave Mason subsequently made many solo records, some quite popular. He also made an album as half of a duo with Cass Elliot, was briefly part of Derek & the Dominos, played with Delaney & Bonnie, and was part of the least celebrated lineup (in the mid-1990s) of Fleetwood Mac. All of this is covered in his memoir, which feels a little skimpy, but does have some interesting stories and details. The numerous full pages given over to song lyrics, as well as some generous allocation of white space separating the chapters, means this is a fairly quick read, even at nearly 250 pages.

Even if his in-and-out time in early Traffic wasn’t too long, it and his up-and-down relationship with Stevie Winwood get a decent amount of commentary. Winwood doesn’t have such a controversial public image, so it’s surprising to read how Mason was fired from Traffic in the late 1960s when Stevie told him he didn’t like his songwriting, singing, or playing, though a good share of that is featured on Traffic’s first albums. It was odd at the time that Mason left Traffic after their first album (though he returned after a not-too-long break) and on the verge of their first US tour, and he still seems at something of a loss to fully explain why.

As his very brief time in the Dominos isn’t so well known, and neither is his influence on getting George Harrison interested in playing slide guitar when Harrison briefly toured with Delaney & Bonnie, those are among the more interesting accounts he has to offer. There are also stories of his cross-paths with the likes of Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, and Paul McCartney. The later the years, the more basic and at times cursory the detail, which isn’t a big deal, as it’s his 1960s-1970s prime that interest readers the most.

Like many rock stars, though Mason wasn’t exactly a superstar, he went through his share of drugs, women, marriages, and financial problems. These are all related in a somewhat more casual manner than the usual rock memoir does, though it’s not so off-putting, as he takes a lot of responsibility and blame for his various failures. A specific managerial/financial calamity in the early 1970s is covered so confusingly it seems like text is missing or was poorly edited, as he states “I was living in a near-constant state of vigilance in Canada. Later, too,” without offering more info on how/if/when he ended up in Canada and for how long. And while it doesn’t seem to bother most people as much as it does me, yes, there are some factual mistakes/incorrect chronological sequencing/misspellings that many who are knowledgeable about the 1960s/1970s in particular will catch.

22. Hurricanes of Color: Iconic Rock Photography from the Beatles to Woodstock and Beyond, by Mike Frankel (The Pennsylvania State University Press). As a teenager and young adult in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Mike Frankel took a lot of photos in the late psychedelic era at the Fillmore East, Woodstock, and other venues. As a young teenager, he also got the opportunity to take a lot of pictures at the Beatles’ 1964 concert in Philadelphia’s Conventional Hall, both at their press conference and their stage show. Those pictures are in black and white (and very good for a young photographer who wasn’t professional at that stage), but most of the book is devoted to color shots from a few years later, often using multiple exposures for swirling psychedelic effects. 

There are quite a few images of Jefferson Airplane in particular, as Frankel got to know and become quite friendly with them, with some of his shots getting used on covers for the first two Hot Tuna albums. Plenty of other artists are represented, however, including Pink Floyd, the Grateful Dead, Janis Joplin, Chuck Berry, B.B. King, Jeff Beck, and Santana, sometimes photographed quite well without psychedelic effects. While most of the pages are occupied by photos and captions, there’s also a considerable amount of text from Frankel describing how he developed his techniques, and his experiences as a youngster getting the kind of personal and professional access to top rock acts that it’s hard to imagine someone starting out getting today. (I was among the authors who gave blurbs about this book on its back cover.)

23. Teenage Wasteland: The Who at Winterland, 1968 and 1976, by Edoardo Genzolini (Schiffer). Like Genzolini’s other books (on Cream in San Francisco in 1968 and concert memories of the Who), this mixes text with plenty of photos. Here the focus is on the Who’s concerts at San Francisco’s famous Winterland venue, almost ten years apart. These didn’t represent the Who’s only concerts in the Bay Area; even only counting the Keith Moon era, there were numerous others in the late 1960s and early 1970s, including shows at the Fillmore and Cow Palace. As in the author’s other books, the photos range from top-of-the-line professional to blurry and amateurish, in both black and white and color. This shouldn’t be such a big deal to intense Who fans, for whom the main thing is probably the documentarian aspect, especially as many pictures don’t appear elsewhere. A few photos of fans and other musicians are mixed in, including Leslie West, whose pre-Mountain group the Vagrants opened for the Who in 1968, and (faintly) Paul Kantner and Spencer Dryden of Jefferson Airplane, who were onstage watching the Who in 1968 at a Los Angeles show.

The best parts of the text include some eyewitness accounts of the shows by fans, though these could have been edited a bit down to the essentials. There’s also a technically-oriented interview from 1976 with Buck Munger, national promotion director for Sunn amplifiers when the Who were using and endorsing them in 1968. The author’s writing pads out the volume with general history of the group and Pete Townshend’s relationship to Meher Baba during this decade or so, and is prone to over-long paragraphs. One of the best features isn’t directly related to the Who: a reprint of the detailed syllabus for Fillmore Seminars, given in summer 1969 by top San Francisco rock business guys (including Bill Graham, producer David Rubinson, and radio legend Tom Donahue) for young people interested in entering the field.

24. The Rolling Stones: The Brian Jones Years!, by Peter Checksfield (peterchecksfield.com). Among Checksfield’s numerous books, this might not be as immediately valuable as some others—like his similar volumes on the Searchers, the Dave Clark Five, and even the Tremeloes—simply because the Rolling Stones’ 1960s work has been much more heavily documented than much of which he’s featured. Still, many—indeed most—Stones overviews don’t give detailed description of the many non-famous tracks the group recorded while Jones was in the Stones between mid-1962 and mid-1969. This details every one—not merely with the kind of meticulous release and recording dates in some other reference books (though this has the essentials), but with an actual description of the songs and the tracks. That might seem like something that should be obvious to offer in a Stones reference book, but there are few that cover, for instance, most of the songs (most of which are very good) on their 1967 album Between the Buttons, or B-sides like “Sad Day,” in detail. There are also informed descriptions of their known unreleased tracks, from 1962-63 demos through late 1960s outtakes, including notes about ones known or rumored to exist that haven’t yet circulated.

Checksfield is a generous reviewer—only committed fans, after all, are going to self-publish specialized books like this—but does sometimes criticize what he sees as shortcomings. There are also details of the recordings that are seldom discussed, like Brian Jones’s early backing vocals, or Charlie Watts’s prominent drumming on “Complicated.” Checksfield is more of a fan of the mid-’60s material that went beyond a blues-rock base and made room for Jones’s contributions on numerous unexpected instruments, but that’s okay, since that was a very fertile time, and he doesn’t ignore their blues beginnings and return to bluesier roots in the late ‘60s. It’s pointed out that, contrary to the impression some biographies give, he did indeed participate, sometimes strongly, in about half the tracks on Beggars Banquet, though his position in the band was becoming more fragile. Note that few tracks from the Let It Bleed album and era are included, as Jones didn’t play on most of those.

25. Cliff Richard: The Shadows Years: Every Song from Every Session 1958-1968, by Peter Checksfield (peterchecksfield.com). This follows the same format as the other Checksfield books on this list: succinct but descriptive reviews of all of Richard’s releases (on most of which he was backed by the Shadows) during the first decade of his career, with lots of black-and-white reproductions of picture sleeves from throughout the world, sheet music, and posters. While this might seem like an idiosyncratic subject to US readers, it should be remembered that Richard was almost as big as Elvis Presley in the UK. And while his music wasn’t as great as Elvis at his best, or too consistent, he made some pretty good records, especially in the earliest of these years.

Checksfield is of the mindset that Richard made many great records, and while I don’t share that enthusiasm, it doesn’t get in the way of plenty of details about the discs, some of which he does criticize for shortcomings. There’s also some coverage of alternate versions (of which there are surprisingly many), foreign-language recordings, tracks that came out years later on archival releases, and even bootlegs—of which, as it might again come as a surprise to US readers, there are a fair number. There’s also a section listing his TV and film appearances. Of particular interest to US residents like me is that, though he had just a couple of Top 40 singles in the American charts (and then not that high in the Top 40) in the late 1950s and early 1960s, he did appear on the Ed Sullivan Show three times in 1962-63, before the Beatles were known in the US; he also appeared on American Bandstand in 1962, and on a Pat Boone-hosted program in 1960.

26. My Mama, Cass, by Owen Elliot-Kugell (Hachette). The author is the daughter (and only child) of Cass Elliot, and as Elliot died when Elliot-Kugell was just seven, it might seem like there would be a slim body of memories to build a book around. This is still a pretty decent read, and in the first half or so, the author does relate a fair history of Elliot’s career and the Mamas & the Papas, though other books (especially Scott G. Shea’s recent All the Leaves Are Brown: How the Mamas & the Papas Came Together and Broke Apart) cover this territory in more depth. She did get a few stories—over the years, not necessarily for this book—from other Mamas & Papas and some others who knew Elliot, including Cass’s sister Leah.

More material of particular value not found elsewhere is the half of the book of how Owen coped with her mother’s loss and how her famous mom’s legacy affected her as she grew up. She had a sometimes troubled adolescence and early adulthood, often in Los Angeles and sometimes elsewhere, getting raised by Leah and (until they separated) her husband, renowned drummer Russ Kunkel. Elliot-Kugell’s attempts to establish a singing career of her own didn’t get far, in part due to some record business politics that curtailed her best shot at making an album. She also sang with Brian Wilson’s daughters and Chynna Phillips, but that group cut down to a trio without her before they had their own hit records. While sometimes overly sentimental in recounting how she eventually paid tribute to her mother by arranging for a star in Cass’s honor on Hollywood Boulevard, the ups and downs of negotiating the Hollywood entertainment and social scene as daughter of a famous entertainer hold some interest.

The following books came out in 2023, but I didn’t read them until 2024.

1. My Greenwich Village: Dave, Bob and Me, by Terri Thal (McNidder & Grace). Terri Thal was married to Dave Van Ronk, whom she managed for much of the 1960s, and she also briefly managed Bob Dylan near the beginning of his career. Her memoir focuses on her experiences during (and a little after) the folk revival, spanning the late 1950s to the early 1960s. Not so much a linear account as anecdote-focused memories organized into thematic chapters, this is an interesting read with plenty of wit and candor. It doesn’t shy away from some of the more disturbing aspects of the era, including some sexism within the scene (not from Van Ronk, it’s emphasized), unreasonable record company business practices, and increasing drug use that led to some deterioration of the scene by the late ‘60s. But it also takes a lot of joy in the music and community special to that time and place, as well as how the left-wing politics in which she and Dave participated affected what was happening. 

While not every Van Ronk record is detailed, some are, and it’s especially interesting to read her frank reflections of how a 1964 LP he did for Mercury suffered because he and she (who took over supervising the recording) drank too much and didn’t let enough time pass before judging the results. The tapes sounded good to them the next day, but “later, when we heard the record, we were horrified; the music was sloppy. We never should have allowed it to be released.” This was the album with Van Ronk’s version of “House of the Rising Sun,” and the fairly famed incident in which Dylan took Dave’s arrangement for a track on his debut album before Van Ronk would record it—without Dave’s permission—is also detailed. So is Van Ronk’s venture into full-band rock with the Hudson Dusters, which Thal wasn’t enthused about, though she dutifully did as best she could managing a band instead of a solo performer.

Although “Bob” Dylan is part of the title, her professional relationship with Dylan, and her and Dave Van Ronk’s friendship with him and Dylan’s early girlfriend Suze Rotolo, is only central to one chapter, if occasionally referred to elsewhere. It’s still an interesting and important part of Thal’s story, and while Albert Grossman took over Dylan’s management early in the singer’s career, she and Dave remained good friends with him for a while. So there are stories of how difficult it was to book Bob at a time he was unknown and unknown solo folk singers in general had a hard time getting paying gigs. So are the stories of Dylan and Rotolo hanging out at her and Van Ronk’s apartment, and while not everything she remembers about Bob is flattering, generally her perspective is pretty positive. It’s poignant how, about five years Dylan’s stardom really took off in the mid-‘60s, he paid her a visit and “said he didn’t need money, but didn’t know what he could do other than perform.”

2. Oh, Didn’t They Ramble: Rounder Records and the Transformation of American Roots Music, by David Menconi (University of North Carolina Press, 2023). Rounder Records is one of the most noted independent labels of the last half century, specializing in all kinds of roots music, and occasionally even landing mainstream hits with George Thorogood and (much more heavily) Alison Krauss. While there’s a bit of a sweeping overview feel to some of this relatively compact volume (with about 180 pages of text), it’s an interesting story of how a company with modest resources succeeded, despite/because of sticking to the uncommercial music they cared about the most. There’s a lot of material drawn from extensive interviews with the three founders, along with others who worked with the company and several of its artists. Anyone interested in the independent side of the record business will find valuable accounts, particularly in how they scrapped together records and sales in their early days in the 1970s with little money, and with artists in entire genres (particularly but not limited to bluegrass) that had no hopes of doing much more than breaking even.

Perhaps understandably, the big successes with Krauss kind of overshadow coverage of the most recent few decades. There was room for a more substantial volume that might get into the stints of some of the more interesting artists who expanded Rounder’s original bluegrass/folk base, like Jonathan Richman, who’s merely mentioned. For that matter, there could have been more about their extensive licensing of vintage reggae material for the Heartbeat label, which seems likely to have had its share of colorful quirks. If you’re looking for quirks, there was a stipulation that when Iris DeMent’s contract was sold to Warner Brothers, Rounder got to reissue ten out-of-print records from the Warners catalog, which is how albums by John Hartford, Guy Clark, and the Charles River Valley Boys got on the label. If you’re looking for controversy, there’s not much, but it’s notable that although the founders had left-wing principles, they opposed the formation of an employee union in the late 1970s, hiring a Boston law firm that represented Richard Nixon during the Watergate scandal.

3. Sonic Life: A Memoir, by Thurston Moore (Doubleday, 2023). I’m more interested in the underground rock milieu (particularly in New York) from which Sonic Youth sprang than their music, but I still found much of this account from their (usually) guitarist and co-founder of interest. I don’t have as mixed feelings about many rock autobios as this one, and not only because I’m not a fan of the band. There’s a lot of inside detail about his and the group’s roots in New York’s no wave scene of the late 1970s and early 1980s, as well as his immersion in underground noise rock and punk, which took him from Connecticut suburbia to the heart of Manhattan’s alternative downtown arts scene. Much of it’s relayed in an inviting personal manner with a fair amount of wit and thoughtful perspective on his and his peers’ strengths and flaws, without the overt condescension or snobbery that afflicts some memoirs by figures who operated far outside of the mainstream. Initially, at least; Sonic Youth didn’t become as big as some of the acts they influenced or toured with, particularly Nirvana. But they did sign to a major label for a long time, eventually sold their share of records and played on bills with stars and iconic figures like Neil Young and Yoko Ono, and got to play on network TV and major festivals.

Moore traces this unlikely ascendance, but the coverage gets less and less intense and thorough from the late l980s onward, almost as though the text is putting a foot on the accelerator and rushing through the years with greater haste in the later sections. There are also many testimonies to how great and groundbreaking acts he admired were, particularly in concert, which can get wearing if you’re not a big listener to some of those. Although he occasionally mentions some obscure records and acts he admires as a huge collector of music (and books and zines) that aren’t in the noise-punk vein, most of the ones he depicts are. There’s a pronounced tilt toward music and approaches that were transgressive—sometimes obnoxiously so, as he sometimes acknowledges. That could please devotees of Sonic Youth and others working similar territory, and Sonic Youth’s own records and internal dynamics are often analyzed at length. There’s no doubting his enthusiasm for the alternative rock genres he and others were crucial to instigating, but it can feel like a limited world after many tributes to the value of noise and hardcore acts, from the most famous to the virtually unknown.

4. Euphoric Recall, by Peter Jesperson (Minnesota Historical Society Press). Jesperson was an important figure in the Minneapolis alternative rock scene in the late twentieth century, particularly through his involvement with Twin/Tone Records and a stint managing the Replacements. His autobiography includes plenty of material on those jobs, but traces his journey through the music business from his time as a teenage clerk in the city’s most famous record store, Oak Folkjokeopus, to his move to Los Angeles, where he worked at the New West label in the early twenty-first century. Along the way he was tour manager for R.E.M., if rather briefly, in their very early career. The meticulous detail of his recollections might be too much for non-indie rock geeks, as he often notes almost every stop on some of the Replacements/Residents tours. So might his unabashed enthusiasm for many, many bands he interacted with or just admired—not just pretty well known ones like the Replacements and R.E.M., but acts that might not be automatically familiar even to those who try to keep track of everything going on, like 13 Engines, the Dashboard Saviors, and early Minneapolis new wave acts like Fingerprints. Then again, it could be argued that all-out music enthusiasts like Jesperson are precisely this book’s audience, and want to know as much as they can about Paul Westerberg’s songwriting and cult acts like Jack Logan, whose career Jesperson was vital to enabling.

Although his tone is usually upbeat, almost excitedly so, the harder knocks of the music business aren’t ignored. He might have just been too much of a fan, and too nice a guy devoted to music more than the bottom line, to rise to the top echelons of the business, though he did pretty well. He was let go from R.E.M. as tour manager, he notes (if briefly), in part because the group wanted someone more hard-nosed. The Replacements fired him as manager after a few years in the kind of not-fully-explained fashion that’s pretty common in rock. That band’s legendary erratic shows and rowdy and sometimes downright repellent behavior, such as thoroughly trashing a touring van Jesperson had gone to pains to secure, is also not ignored, though perhaps not criticized as much as it could have been. Jesperson himself developed an alcohol problem so serious it threatened his life, though he’s now been sober for decades. While his extensive time at New West isn’t covered as much as his Minneapolis days, here too he raves about acts that didn’t catch on in a big way, like the Leatherwoods, and notes that he his focus on helping acts whose music he loved ultimately made it hard to survive in an increasingly profit-minded record business.

5. Crying in the Rain: The Perfect Harmony and Imperfect Lives of the Everly Brothers, by Mark Ribowsky (Backbeat). For all their monumental importance to rock history, the Everly Brothers haven’t been honored with many biographies. This is only the second one I’m aware of, and at this point it’s hard to do many first-hand interviews for such a project, with both Everlys gone, as well as most of the important people with whom they were associated. There doesn’t seem to have been much if any such research for this effort, although it ties together much of which is known, itself a service given the lack of books about the duo. This doesn’t just highlight the hits, discussing many of their albums, even some of their obscure ones, in depth and providing a lot of detail about both the hits and their many fine lesser-known tracks. Their sometimes troubled fraternal relationships and marriages are also covered, though friction between Don and Phil might be played up to some degree. There’s a little too much contextual detail about the popular music scenes in which they operated, and the text often throws lists of tracks and chart positions at the reader, though there’s much considered critical analysis as well.

Although it’s not too easy to find now, Roger White’s slimmer 1984 book The Everly Brothers: Walk Right Back is recommended as a supplement to this new one. It doesn’t have as much description of the tracks and specific albums and singles, but does have a good deal of first-hand interview material, along with a wealth of photos. Both volumes also document their touring activities, and Crying in the Rain has a lot of material on numerous TV appearances.

Top Twenty Music Documentaries of 2024

As every year starts, it doesn’t seem possible there will be enough new music history documentaries up my alley to fill out a Top Ten list, let alone a Top Twenty one. Yet this year, as in most recent years, there have been more than enough. And there aren’t less documentaries are being made about more distant times – pre-1980s ones, say – as time goes on. If anything, there seem to be more, especially if you count some restorations, like I do.

My pick for #1 music documentary of 2024.


A note about whether all of ones I picked belong in a 2024 list: there seems to be more and more vagueness about what release year should be considered “official” as time goes on. Quite a few documentaries, including some listed here, “premiere” at a festival or some select screening, but don’t really become distributed or accessible to the public to a significant extent for a good year or two. At some screenings, including a couple I attended, it’s even announced that the film isn’t in its final version and/or in general distribution, even though the screenings charged admission to the audience. 

I’ve generally gone with including films that did not seem to become known to more than a select few until 2024. As always, I’ve also put a supplementary list of documentaries of note that definitely were available in 2023, but which I didn’t see until 2024.

1. Stax: Soulsville USA (HBO). Justly and widely acclaimed, this four-part, approximately four-hour series covers the history of Stax Records well. Well enough, in fact, that there’s not to much to say about the format or criticize. It largely goes for the straightforward mix of first-hand interviews and archive footage, wisely letting the story be told by the music, the performances, and people who were there, though Stax historian Rob Bowman is one of the talking heads. The range of interviews used in the film is impressive, including some with key figures who are no longer alive. They range from star musicians like Booker T. Jones and Steve Cropper of Booker T. & the MG’s, Isaac Hayes, and Sam Moore of Sam & Dave to executive Al Bell, important songwriters like David Porter, and Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton, the brother and sister who founded Stax.

Also heard from are lesser knowns from the engineering, songwriting, session musician, and promotional departments who have interesting stories to tell. If the performance clips tend to be brief, some are rare enough to, as the cliché goes in these kind of reviews, make you hope some will be used in full as bonus features in an expanded release. Stax’s role in helping bringing people of different races together is properly hailed, but so are some of the tensions in severely segregated Memphis that sometimes made it hard to the label to operate, and sometimes fueled tension within the company.

My pick for #1 music documentary of 2024.

Even with four hours, for those with a deep knowledge of Stax’s history, this will seem like something of a highlight survey. Some interesting performers, and certainly a good number of notable records, are barely noted or not mentioned. While CBS and the Memphis Union Planters Bank are targeted in some depth as the key factors that drove Stax out of business in the mid-‘70s just a few years after the label was still at the pinnacle of its success, it should be noted that some books and other writing on Stax cover other elements that helped lead to its demise. For all of these details, there are other sources to fill in the picture, particularly Bowman’s book Soulsville USA and Robert Gordon’s Respect Yourself, as well as the two-hour 2007 documentary Respect Yourself

2. Let It Be (Disney+). The 1970 Beatles documentary (actually filmed in January 1969) Let It Be is renowned, even among many non-fanatics and non-collectors, for not having been available as a home video release for many years. In fact it was legitimately issued on VHS, if a long time ago, and it really hasn’t been too hard to see in non-authorized fashions in the decades it’s been officially unavailable. Still, its ready accessibility via streaming in 2024 is welcomed, and not just because it makes it easier to see, whether you’ve seen it many times and never seen it. This edition has been restored and looks significantly better than it did in its other iterations, including its 1970 theatrical release.

Unsurprisingly, some intense Beatles fans have voiced mixed feelings about the restoration, some feeling, for instance, that it’s not entirely faithful to how it was intended to originally look. The vast majority of viewers and fans, however, will probably find it considerably more enjoyable than it’s been in the past, even if you don’t care too much about restoration improvements. In part that’s because even the original release was grainy (partly a result of the original 16mm footage, intended for television, being blown up to 35mm for the theaters), and the sound imperfect, particularly the often mumbled or virtually inaudible spoken dialogue. Not everyone feels it’s proper to view such a sacrosanct item with subtitles, but they really do help you figure out many of the spoken exchanges, even if a good share of them are incidental or mundane.

As for the film itself, to repurpose the kind of cliché that sports broadcasters use when effusing over Shohei Ohtani, “What more can you say that hasn’t been said already?” It should be pointed out, however, that this is not a film that was made redundant by Peter Jackson’s justly hailed seven-hour Get Back docuseries a few years ago, which presented much more footage taken by director Michael Lindsay-Hogg than made the original Let It Be movie. There’s not much overlap between the two projects. Let It Be isn’t a day-by-day exposition of what the Beatles were doing this month; it’s more a survey of representative scenes from their rehearsals and recording sessions, capped by complete versions of future hit singles (“Let It Be” and “The Long and Winding Road”) in Apple’s studio, and then the legendary rooftop concert highlights.

It’s often been labeled as an inadvertent document of the Beatles’ breakup (although they would subsequently record Abbey Road and not break up with final certainty until April 1970),  and some historical revisionism, including by Lindsay-Hogg and Jackson, has contended the group were actually having a lot of fun this month. Certainly they were, and certainly at the rooftop concert. But it would be inaccurate to argue some serious tensions weren’t caught on film, including uncertainty about what they were doing — a concert, a documentary, an album, or some/all/none of the above —and George Harrison temporarily quitting (discussed in depth in Get Back, but not at all in Let It Be). My take, not shared by everyone, is that it kind of captures the Beatles in an in-between mode — sometimes as good as ever, sometimes clearly floundering. There are certainly enough good/interesting moments — like their joyously ragged version of “Besame Mucho” and working out “Maxwell’s Silver Hammer” and (with just George and Ringo) “Octopus’s Garden” — to make the non-complete performance segments of the film worthwhile. There’s also the occasional hint at serious discord, like the famous brief sort-of-argument over how to play a guitar part between Paul McCartney and Harrison, or McCartney complaining about the group’s malaise to a pretty unresponsive John Lennon.

This would have contended for my #1 spot had this somehow only found its initial release this year, rather than having been around for many years and been seen by fans such as myself numerous times in inferior-looking versions. Note that there are some slight differences between the actual content of this version and previous ones. On the Disney Plus streaming, the film’s preceded by a brief (a little less than five minutes) discussion between Jackson and Lindsay-Hogg about the restoration. The end credits are different from the original ones, and are soundtracked by bits from the sessions that weren’t in the original film or released on record while the Beatles were active. The rooftop scene doesn’t stop with a freeze-frame of the Beatles as they finish their rooftop concert; they leave the scene in real time before the credits roll.

3. Revival69. While this is a documentary about the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival festival in September 1969, it should be clarified this is not a concert film, though there’s a fair amount of concert footage. Much footage from Little Richard and the Plastic Ono Band’s sets, and some from the sets by Bo Diddley, Chuck Berry, and Jerry Lee Lewis, have come out on other home video releases. When I first saw a basic description of this 2024 release, I thought it might just repackage some or all of that. It’s an entirely different project, however, and a very interesting one. It’s a documentary about the festival itself, with as much or more attention paid to the seat-of-the-pants fashion in how it was organized as to the music at the event (which is also covered, not to worry).

While some of the participants are no longer alive, John Lennon being the most celebrated, an impressive number of others were interviewed, including promoter John Brower, musicians Robby Krieger, Alice Cooper, Klaus Voormann (bassist in the Plastic Ono Band), Alan White (drummer in the Plastic Ono Band), John and Yoko’s assistant Anthony Fawcett, concertgoers, the motorcycle gang head who put up some money for the festival, and even members of the film crew and Berry’s pickup band. The concert sequences are brief (if, in the case of Lewis and Berry especially, highly impressive), but effectively complement the storytelling, which uses some other footage taken around or related to the festival. There are even tapes of phone calls by the organizers as they tried to pull off the festival, and especially stunning is the use of tapes of phone calls actually made at the Beatles’ Apple organization.

Going by the accounts in the film, the festival, and Lennon’s appearance, hung by more of a thread than even the usual histories of the event have detailed. Had they not caught John and Yoko at Apple while journalist Ritchie Yorke happened to be there to vouch for their legitimacy, Lennon might not have gone; even as the rest of the band gathered at the airport to fly over, John and Yoko were begging off, a report that Eric Clapton (in the Plastic Ono Band for this appearance) was already at the airport apparently the key motivator in getting Lennon energized to make the flight. Had the organizers not been able to publicize Lennon’s appearance, the concert – also featuring the Doors and Gene Vincent — might have been canceled. Instead we had a key event in Lennon’s career, marking his first official concert outside of the Beatles, that was documented on film.

Lennon’s participation understandably gets a good deal of attention in this documentary, but the other acts on the bill are not neglected, even if, sadly, there’s no Doors footage; Krieger speculates Jim Morrison might have prevented them being filmed. It does make one wonder if more uncirculating concert footage might be available, and if it could be released at some point. As it is, this is a well-paced documentary that packs a lot of info and entertainment into its 80 minutes or so.

4. The Beach Boys (Disney+). There have been two previous documentaries on the Beach Boys, 1985’s The Beach Boys: An American Band and 2000’s Endless Harmony. This new, nearly two-hour one covers much of the same territory, as you’d expect, and doesn’t have factual discoveries that will surprise knowledgeable fans of the group. For those who are learning about the band, and for most who will be familiar with the story, it’s still pretty good, and more honest and forthright in its perspectives than the previous docs. Many of these are first-hand, benefiting from recent interviews with Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston (though few from Brian Wilson), as well as archive interviews with Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, and Dennis Wilson. Crucially, some other band members who weren’t with them for so long and are barely or not acknowledged in other histories are also heard from, those being early guitarist David Marks and early-‘70s addition Blondie Chaplin. Some key insiders are also interviewed either for the doc or in archive footage, including Brian’s first wife Marilyn Rovell, Wrecking Crew musicians Carol Kaye, Don Randi, and Hal Blaine, and lyricists Tony Asher and Van Dyke Parks.

There’s also quite a bit of performance footage, even if they’re pretty brief excerpts of songs, and some home movies, silent performance footage, and (again brief) 1960s studio footage, some of which is rare and perhaps not previously seen, at least by me. Most of the focus is properly on their first and best half dozen years, though some of the post-Smile era through their mid-‘70s comeback on the tails of Endless Summer is discussed. There’s too much commentary from a few artists and, particularly, one critic (Josh Kun) who didn’t play roles in the Beach Boys’ career. But fortunately, there’s not a great deal of such material, with most of the interviews reserved for the Beach Boys and associates.

As for the controversies and relatively dark sides of the story that are barely or untouched in previous documentaries (and some books), these include Dennis Wilson’s friendship with Charles Manson (with whom one meeting was enough for Love); Brian’s withdrawal from the group after they failed to complete Smile; and, most notably, the abusive behavior of the Wilson brothers’ father Murry, as well as his sale of their publishing for far less than it would ultimately be worth. Even this gets a fair hearing from different sides, Rovell opining a couple times that the Beach Boys would have never gotten to where they were without their father’s early efforts on their behalf. Some other relatively behind-the-scenes developments aren’t covered, like Carl’s protracted struggle to be granted conscientious objector status; the placement of Chuck Berry’s name on songwriting credits to “Surfin’ USA,” owing to that hit’s liberal borrowing from Berry’s “Sweet Little Sixteen”; and the strange management stint of the mysterious Jack Rieley in the early 1970s. This still gets most of the story down with a wider lens than the previous major documentaries, although their story’s interesting and involved enough to merit, if not the length of the Beatles’ Anthology, at least double the length of this feature.

5. Catching Fire: The Story of Anita Pallenberg. Pallenberg, as many Rolling Stones fans know, was about as influential on their figureheads’ lives as anyone who wasn’t in the group was in the 1960s and 1970s. She was Brian Jones’s girlfriend in the mid-1960s (and the most serious of his many girlfriends), then Keith Richards’s common-law wife from 1967 to the end of the 1970s (and mother of his first children), and also a co-star with Mick Jagger in the film Performance. This is a good documentary on a woman who, while figuring strongly in numerous biographies of the group, still retained some mystery as to her origins and professional/personal activities. Much though not all of this is filled in here with rare film clips of her (though mostly silent) from the mid-1960s onward, as well as interviews with the son and daughter she had with Richards and some interesting associates who aren’t usually heard from, like Volker Schlondorff (director of the 1967 movie in which she starred, A Degree of Murder); Sandy Lieberson, a producer of Performance; and Stash Klossowski, the aristocratic close friend of Brian Jones. Richards and Marianne Faithfull are represented by voiceover clips, and Anita herself by excerpts from her unpublished autobiography, voiced by Scarlett Johansson.

Pallenberg does not come off well in some Stones biographies, but is represented in a more positive light here, though not a sanitized one. Several insiders testify to her magnetism, intelligence, and skills (if curtailed by her concentration on family life and Richards’s reluctance for her to work) as an actress, as seen in a few clips of her films, some rare. Her problems with drugs and the responsibilities of motherhood are not overlooked, and nor is the incident in the late 1970s in which a young man killed himself in her home. Of note are details on her influence on a few Rolling Stones songs, including “Sister Morphine,” “You Can’t Always Get What You Want,” and “You Got the Silver.” The voiced excerpts from her memoir are interesting and articulate, making one wonder if there’s any chance the book can be published, and why it hasn’t appeared.

6. Electric Lady Studios: A Jimi Hendrix Vision. New York’s Electric Lady Studios, still going today, was constructed specifically for Jimi Hendrix’s wishes and needs, though he only got to use it a little after its mid-1970 opening, and it was used by other artists from the start. This documentary is available as a Blu-ray disc in a four-disc box of the same title including three CDs of material Hendrix recorded at Electric Ladyland in mid-1970s (though some of it built upon slightly earlier tracks), most of it previously unreleased. As this movie did play in theaters, and is worth a detailed review of its own, I’m reviewing it within this video roundup. A review focusing on the music on the three CDs will be included in this blog’s roundup of the year’s notable reissue albums.

The film focuses on how Electric Lady was conceived and constructed, and what Hendrix managed to record and work on there before his September 1970 death. As Hendrix documentaries go, this is pretty specialized, and even more so than the recent documentary on Hendrix in Maui that was also directed by Hendrix author and authority John McDermott. But if you’re heavily into Hendrix, this is fairly interesting, with interviews (both recent and archival) with a wealth of figures, including most prominently engineer Eddie Kramer. Bassist Billy Cox and several early Electric Lady engineers, designers, and staff also participate, and there’s some (if not much) seldom seen vintage footage of Jimi and related subjects from the era, as well as many pictures of the studio under construction.

One of the best stories, from engineer (and ex-Amboy Dukes drummer) Dave Palmer, is how he lived right across the street from the studios, and was woken by a phone call from Kramer instructing him to get right over at a moment’s notice because Hendrix was recording with Stevie Winwood and a drummer was immediately needed. One of the most surprising side notes is that some of the first recordings done in the studio were for an album based around readings from the book The Joy of Sex. Kramer and Palmer isolate and highlight some aspects of the album Hendrix was finishing (which he never did, though many recordings from the sessions were posthumously issued) at Electric Lady in 1970. It’s also clearly illustrated how complicated it was to build and complete the studios, with constant shortages of cash forcing Hendrix to raise money on the road and borrow against royalties, and mistakes and misjudgements on where to build and what equipment to use costing time and money. This doesn’t go into the many artists recording albums in Electric Lady over the last half century, but does cover some early such sessions, particularly for Carly Simon and Stevie Wonder.

7. Save the Children: A Concert for the Ages (Netflix). Should this be considered a mere restoration of an obscure film, or an actual 2024 re-release? And a 2024 one, since it bills 2023 as the year of its restoration, but wasn’t readily accessible until it streamed on Netflix the following year? Since not many saw this documentary of performances at the 1972 Operation PUSH exposition in Chicago when it came out in 1973, and the restoration didn’t get a ton of publicity, I feel it’s appropriate to place this in the regular 2024 listings. Founded by Jesse Jackson (who appears in the documentary), PUSH stood for People United to Save Humanity. As part of its 1972 expo, many African-American entertainers performed, primarily soul acts, though there were others as well. Excerpts from their performances are the basis of this two-hour film.

The lineup is extraordinary, and as close to what was (not all that accurately) sometimes termed the “Black Woodstock” as the 1969 Harlem performances featured in the Summer of Soul documentary. It includes Marvin Gaye, the Temptations, Jerry Butler, the Jackson 5, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Curtis Mayfield, Bill Withers, the O’Jays, the Chi-Lites, and the Main Ingredient. On the jazzier side, there’s Cannonball Adderley, Roberta Flack, Nancy Wilson, Ramsey Lewis, and Sammy Davis Jr., whose introduction acknowledges (to some negative response from the audience) that his political views—he supported Richard Nixon for president—were not among the most welcome in such a crowd. Highlights include Gaye’s live version of “What’s Going On,” with legendary Motown session bassist James Jamerson in the band; the outrageously colorful space suit-like wardrobe of the O’Jays; Knight’s almost hyperfast arrangement of “I Heard It Through the Grapevine”; Mayfield’s guitar work with a live band as he approached his Superfly era; the Temptations’ vocal interplay on “Papa Was a Rolling Stone”; the Chi-Lites’ use of a melodica onstage; and the strong soul of one of the least known performers featured, Zulema.

This isn’t as strong a cinematic work as Summer of Soul or Wattstax. The concert excerpts are sometimes too short; there are frequent interspersions of footage of African-American urban life, sometimes cut to while the soundtrack of performances continues to play; and too-long scenes featuring gospel and Jackson’s speeches. But this certainly ranks among the top soul music concert documentaries of the era. While the publicity for it, like it was for Summer of Soul, trumpeted how it was virtually lost and rescued, in fact some performances have been used for DVD compilations of clips by the Temptations and Marvin Gaye.

8. Beatles ’64 (Disney +). When the Beatles first came to the US in February 1964, their trip was followed by filmmakers Albert and David Maysles for the TV documentary What’s Happening!: The Beatles in the U.S.A. This more extensive production is kind of like watching an expanded version with a lot of additional context that makes the action easier to follow. Besides a lot of footage from the Maysles’ movie, there are clips from their Ed Sullivan Show appearances and first US concert in Washington, DC; short clips from archival interviews with the Beatles and Carnegie Hall show promoter Sid Bernstein; and recent interviews done specifically for this documentary. Much of the footage from What’s Happening! and the Sullivan shows/DC concert will be familiar to many Beatles fans – not just intense Beatlemaniacs, but plenty who are more general dedicated admirers of the group, since it’s been available in several formats for years. 

So a little surprisingly, considering modern linking interviews are often the weakest part of such documentaries, those interviews are the most interesting segments for snobs like me who’ve seen it all before, or seen most of it. Besides memories from Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr, there are brief but worthwhile observations about the Beatles’ relation to African-American music from Smokey Robinson and Ronald Isley. One of the fans seen screaming for the Beatles outside their New York hotel in the 1964 documentary was tracked down for her comments. So was Jack Douglas, who’d work with John Lennon as a producer, but as a mid-1960s teenager went with a friend to Liverpool to play music there with a friend. Even for viewers who might not find out much from this film, it’s an okay overview worth seeing, if those who haven’t seen the Maysles documentary will find it fresher and more exciting.

9. Daytime RevolutionIn February 1972, John Lennon and Yoko Ono co-hosted Mike Douglas’s daytime talk show. Besides being interviewed by Douglas and performing some songs, they also brought on quite a few adventurous and eclectic guests. Although this documentary has quite a few clips from the shows, its main value isn’t in that footage, as the complete episodes were issued on home video quite a few years ago. The segments of highest interest are recent interviews with many of the participants, including an associate producer of the program and guests, including Ralph Nader, avant-garde musician David Rosenboom, a Japanese-American singer/activist, a macrobiotic chef, and a biofeedback researcher. Unfortunately Ono wasn’t interviewed, but besides discussion of the appearances of these figures on the show, there’s also commentary about some of the other colorful and famous guests, those being Chuck Berry, Bobby Seale, Jerry Rubin, and George Carlin. It’s hard to believe Lennon, Ono, and their friends were given so much airtime, but they generally made good use of it, with Douglas being a sympathetic and efficient interviewer, though he was of a different generation than the counterculture the couple and their guests represented. The film effectively alternates clips from the show with interviews done for the project, letting the footage and the interviews tell the story without undue embellishment or interference.

10. Eno. Even with all of the reviews I’ve done in my career, this is one unlike any other. As many already know, every screening of this Brian Eno documentary is different, as it’s generated by a software program. There are no less than 52 quintillion possible variations, which in layperson’s terms is literally a billion billion. So if everyone on the planet spent their whole lives generating and watching variations, they wouldn’t come close to seeing every one. It also means that every reviewer will have seen a different version, or different versions, even if they’re dedicated enough to go to ten or twenty screenings. Considering they draw from thirty hours of Eno interviews and 500 hours of footage from Eno’s archive, it would take a few months to get through all of that raw material even if you spent all of your working weeks doing nothing but watching that.

My review’s based on just one puny viewing of a 90-minute variation. As wary as I was about the enterprise given its unique format, my expectations were surpassed. Even being aware a lot of possibilities weren’t being shown, it covered a lot of material in a pretty engaging, if non-linear and non-super-in-depth way, from his art school roots and Roxy Music through his brief time as a solo glam (at least in image) rocker, his ambient music for airports, his first public lecture (a much more enjoyable segment than that might sound), and his collaborations with David Bowie, Talking Heads, Devo, and others. Whether in recent or archive interviews, Eno talks in an articulate but humorous, down-to-earth fashion, even when espousing some philosophical musings about the meaning of music and art. The transitions are sometimes a bit bumpy, but usually the segments, often separated by computer text, could stand on their own. So could the variation I saw, though many viewers and critics would have been wondering why some notable projects, like his My Life with the Bush of Ghosts collaboration with David Byrne and his production of the No New York no wave compilation, weren’t even mentioned.

Presumably those and quite a few other aspects of his career that were missing or glanced over are covered in other variations of the film. From a friend who has seen two screenings, I did hear that at least based on those, there’s more overlap between variations than you might expect given the publicity about the Carl Sagan-type numbers, though there were significant differences too. I’m not going to try to see 52 quintillion ones, or even 52, but I wouldn’t mind seeing a couple others down the line, especially if it goes into streaming, which is being worked on despite the technical challenges.

11. Billy Preston: That’s the Way God Planned ItConsidering he had notable stints as a sideman with both the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, and that he had some huge hit records as a solo artist, Preston hasn’t gotten a great deal of historical attention. This documentary goes some way to making up for that, but isn’t as good as it could have been. On the good side, there’s a lot of archive footage, some of it rarely seen and amazing, like his appearance on the Soul! TV show; his appearance as a pre-teen on Nat King Cole’s variety show; clips of his mother playing and singing; and the more expected bits of him with the Beatles in January 1969 and at the Concert for Bangladesh. There are snippets of archive interviews with Preston, but quite a few recent ones, ranging from major figures like Eric Clapton and Ringo Starr to soul singers Gloria Jones and Merry Clayton, along with family, friends, and associates not known to the public.

While the essence of Preston’s considerable talents at blending soul, rock, and gospel come across, the first half is certainly better than the second, which charts his descent into drug abuse, health problems, prison, and a struggle to remain in the music business. Most of his career highlights are here, but sometimes presented in a fashion that makes it hard to track the sequence of events; his guest appearance on John Lennon’s “Instant Karma” pops up after later events in the first half of the 1970s. Not discussed are his release of “My Sweet Lord” and “All Things Pass” prior to George Harrison’s far more famous versions; his contributions to Starr’s Ringo album, including playing on “I’m the Greatest” with Starr, Harrison, and Lennon; or “Melody,” the song on which Preston made his most significant contribution to the Rolling Stones.

Maybe this is the griping of a music nerd who doesn’t care as much about his personal difficulties as his music, though those problems, including struggles with his sexual identity, have their place in a documentary. Those issues are drawn out longer than they should be in the film’s final sections. It’s interesting to learn, however, that a planned autobiography co-written with David Ritz didn’t happen owing to what Ritz describes as Preston’s reluctance to go deep into personal matters, and that his cover of the Beatles’ “Blackbird” was considered as the A-side to the single that became a massive hit, “Will It Go Round in Circles.”

12. One to One: John & Yoko. A few documentaries have covered and/or even focused on John Lennon and Yoko Ono in the early 1970s, including one, Daytime Revolution, that’s higher on this list. Here’s another one, and while there’s some overlap with other documentaries (though not much with Daytime Revolution), there are some differences in the content and approach. I hadn’t heard the term “mixtape” applied to movies as well as musical efforts, but this film was repeatedly referred to as one at the special screening where I saw it. From my understanding, this means a movie that not only addresses its principal subject, but also adds a lot of almost soundbite-style clips related to the era or subject, quickly switching back and forth between them. The director appeared at the screening I saw, and noted it was at least in part inspired by John and Yoko’s frequent television watching at the time, since the scenes are constantly changing and separated by the kind of fuzzy white noise frames you see when the television is between channels.

One to One: John & Yoko is named after the benefit concerts they gave on August 30, 1972 in New York for a nearby facility for intellectually impaired children. These were the only full-length shows Lennon gave after the Beatles split, but although there’s a fair amount of footage from them in this film, it’s not exactly the focus. Songs from the concert are interspersed throughout the movie, but the film doesn’t discuss how and why it was staged until relatively late in the proceedings. This is more a look at Lennon and Ono’s time in New York in 1971 and 1972, when they were at their most politically active, and when that activism was most specifically reflected in their music, though most critics and listeners (including this one) feel that their 1972 album Sometime in New York was a major disappointment, and a low point in Lennon’s catalog.

Although the concert footage is pretty good, the most interesting aspects of this documentary are the rarest or previously unheard/unseen components. These aren’t so much the home movies as excerpts from recently unearthed tapes of telephone conversations, including bits with well known figures like Allen Klein, May Pang, Jerry Rubin, and creepy Dylanologist A.J. Weberman. As my favorite example, Lennon explains to Klein he wants to do a concert tour where a quarter of the money goes toward bailing out prisoners; Klein doesn’t respond as a hard-boiled businessman, but matter-of-factly seems to be affirming and going along with John’s plan. Which didn’t come off; as the film later notes, Lennon called off the tour, in part because he was alienated from radicals like Rubin by plans for protesting the Republican convention that might have endangered people with violence, including children.

The many short clips that aren’t specifically related to John and Yoko range from Jerry Rubin on a talk show, the attempted assassination of George Wallace, and Shirley Chisholm’s presidential campaign to tacky period commercials and Attica prison riots. There’s too much of this contextual material, and while what Lennon and Ono were up to at this time is interesting regardless of the quality of the music they were making, there’s not a whole lot here that dedicated fans won’t know from books and other documentaries. Although Stevie Wonder’s briefly seen in this documentary at a rally for John Sinclair where John and Yoko also performed, it doesn’t mention that Roberta Flack also appeared. And quite a bit of footage from the actual One to One concert was made available on VHS back in 1986 on the John Lennon Live in New York City video. While this is worthwhile for Lennon/Ono fans and provides a lot of background to the era and their activism for viewers who might not know a lot of the history, it’s generally more hectic and variable that it needs to or should be. It might not be widely seen soon; I attended only the second US screening at a documentary series, and while the director hopes to have it picked up by a distributor in 2025, he said it might take longer than that. 

13. Return of the King: The Fall and Rise of Elvis Presley (Netflix). This is different from the usual Elvis Presley documentary in that much of the focus is on his fallow years—the decade or so between his induction into the army and his 1968 TV comeback special. Thus the title “the fall and rise,” without too much material on his initial rise. There’s more than most Elvis biographical projects have—quite a bit, encompassing most of the 1960s—on the years in which he didn’t perform live and was mostly occupied with poor and progressively worse movies. The presentation could be overcontextualized, with too many table-setting interviews with various figures—some famous, some who didn’t have any direct relation to Elvis—explaining why he was so talented and important. There are, however, some good inside comments from Priscilla Presley and Elvis’s friend Jerry Schilling, along with more general observations about Presley’s significance from the likes of Bruce Springsteen and Conan O’Brien.

While his comeback on a 1968 network TV special takes a lot of time in the film’s final sections, note that it’s examined in greater depth in the 2023 documentary Reinventing Elvis: The ’68 Comeback, which has interviews with some figures (notably director Steve Binder) not represented in Return of the King. Coverage of the TV special in Return of the King is notable for including some outtake footage indicating how nervous he initially was at the prospect of performing before a live audience for the first time in seven years, and how he flubbed some attempts at takes in skits in which he might have been nearly as engaged. There are a couple of uncommon perspectives about his comeback, one being that his 1967 gospel album How Great Thou Art—not usually regarded as a career highlight—is seen as a turning point in Presley returning to what inspired him most, though singles like “Guitar Man” and “U.S. Male” are more often cited as recordings indicating he was ready to rock out again. Also, and refreshingly, it’s pointed out that the skits in the comeback special aren’t that good and more representative of what manager Tom Parker would have wanted the program to present than the famous live sequences of him performing before a small audience.

14. The Road to Ruane. Except perhaps in Boston, Billy Ruane isn’t a name known to most rock fans. He promoted a lot of underground rock shows by both local and touring acts in Boston in the 1990s, and there’s footage of a lot of them in this film. That might not sound like the most exciting subject for a documentary, especially if you’re not particularly a fan of this scene—the numerous brief clips range from barely known names to the likes of Sonic Youth, the Pixies, Elliott Smith, and lesser knowns like the Volcano Suns, Buffalo Tom, and Mary Lou Lord, to give you an idea. But this is a pretty interesting and well made movie no matter what your musical taste and knowledge, as the primary focus—particularly after the first section, which does emphasize such footage—is not so much on the local music as the unusual life and character of Ruane himself.

Ruane was manic depressive, and though that might have fired his manic enthusiasm for music (not just underground rock, though that’s what he was most involved in as a professional), it probably made him hard to be around for most people. He’s often athletically dancing to shows (including those he promoted) in the archive footage, and while that’s fun to watch, it might not have always been such fun to experience when he got out of control, which wasn’t that rare. Like many such behind-the-scenes movers and shakers, he was also a manic collector. Unlike all such movers and shakers, he could be exceedingly generous, often paying acts way more than they were getting elsewhere, or far more than they expected. He also helped out musicians and friends quite a bit otherwise, often financially.

How could he do this? He was a rogue son of a very successful financial professional who had ties to Warren Buffett. That wasn’t as much of a benefit as it might sound, since he also had a troubled family life, which found his mother committing suicide when he was 18, and Ruane himself developing symptoms of instability and mental illness from a young age. That led to his premature decline and death in middle age, an uncomfortable period that is nonetheless covered though not overemphasized near the end of the film. The production includes an incredible wealth of interviews with musicians and associates for such a relatively non-famous figure, including some pretty well known ones (Peter Wolf, J. Mascis, Thurston Moore), but a wealth of unfamiliar names with something of interest to say or remember. The interviews and archive footage are blended well for this well made film, although it might be a bit longer than the topic merits.

15. Something in the Air: A Rock Radio Revolution. Although this has had a few screenings, it’s not in general release and is in fact still fundraising for completion to its final form. Nonetheless, I did see it in a San Francisco movie theater this year, and assuming it will be similar to what I saw if it gains wider release, I’m reviewing it here. This documentary covers the most famous San Francisco rock radio station, KSAN, as well as the brief early time much of its staff worked at KMPX before moving to KSAN after disputes with KMPX ownership. There were a few underground FM rock stations that originated throughout the US when KMPX adopted that format in 1967. But KMPX and then (after much of the staff jumped ship to a different frequency in 1968) KSAN might have been the most celebrated of those anywhere. That was due to both their freewheeling content and the big audience it had in the Bay Area, feeding off the heyday of the region’s psychedelic sound live and on record.

The film has interviews with many of the station’s DJs, newscasters, and other staff, some of whom have died since they were filmed for the project. Those interviewed include some of the most famous on-air personalities, including Raechel Donahue (widow of Tom Donahue, who did more than anyone to launch the format), DJ Dusty Street, newscaster Scoop Nisker, musicians (including a few big names like Carlos Santana), and rock journalists Ben Fong-Torres (also sometimes a DJ) and Joel Selvin. There’s not a whole lot of vintage footage, but there’s some, and Tom Donahue’s path from AM radio DJ/record label owner/show promoter to countercultural icon is traced. There are amusing stories, some but not all drug-related, about the looseness of the on-air programming, as well as their key coverage of the Symbionese Liberation Army when the station was given tapes by fugitives in the SLA.

The more troubled late-‘70s era when KSAN both pioneered some commercial new wave radio programming and found it difficult to balance with the older forms of rock with which it had been established is also discussed. So is its unwelcome transition to a country format in the early 1980s, when the very counterculture that had fueled the format’s rise was dissipating. The focus does sometimes go back and forth chronologically a little haphazardly, sometimes jumping from the hippie era to early punk and new wave and back again. It’s also hard to get excited about how KSAN’s airing of early material by Montrose was daring and significant, though the station’s frequent broadcasting of live shows is justly praised. Overall this is a reasonable overview of an important and groundbreaking station (or stations, if you’re counting both KMPX and KSAN), though in need of some more polish.

16. The Session Man. The session man is Nicky Hopkins, the great British keyboardist who played on sessions for many classic records in the 1960s and 1970s, including ones by the Who, the Kinks, the Rolling Stones, the Beatles (just once, on “Revolution”), Jefferson Airplane, John Lennon, George Harrison, Ringo Starr, and others. He was also a member of the Jeff Beck Group and Quicksilver Messenger Service for a while, and even sort of honored by Ray Davies on the Kinks song “Session Man,” on which he played. This fairly interesting documentary has quite a list of interviewees remembering Hopkins and testifying to his gifts, including Dave Davies, Keith Richards, Jorma Kaukonen, Bill Wyman, engineer/producer Glyn Johns, producer Shel Talmy, Graham Parker, and (by archive footage) Mick Jagger. There are also substantial excerpts of a couple interviews Hopkins himself gave late in his life and one done for this film with his second wife, as well as comments by lesser known musicians, some of whom demonstrate famous Hopkins piano parts.

As a film, it’s not as great as the list of contributors. The excerpts of sound recordings on which Hopkins played are very short and usually in the background of the soundtrack. This seems partly why it’s left to those not-so-well-known pianists to play famous parts like those Nicky played on the Rolling Stones’ “She’s a Rainbow” and “Sympathy for the Devil” (and the not as famous one he did for the Who’s “The Ox”). There’s not much footage of Hopkins himself playing in his prime, though he’s glimpsed in short snippets of the Stones working in the studio in 1968 that appeared in One Plus One (aka Sympathy for the Devil). The segments are separated by sections in which his credits for specific artists are briefly on the screen, which then goes to black before the next part is announced with the title of the artist. That’s a picky criticism, yes, but it gets tiring when the device is used over and over.

Hopkins made important contributions to many records, but wasn’t the most colorful guy. Many of the comments are similar in general praise of his versatility and ability to blend rock, blues, and classical style, but short on specific neat stories. It’s noted that his affliction with Crohn’s disease sometimes made it difficult for him to work and contributed to his death at age fifty, and also that Chick Corea was responsible for getting him into rehab, which likely extended his life. According to one interview, Hopkins was offered a place in Wings, but didn’t pursue it when told he had to audition—a story I’ve never come across in Paul McCartney literature, of which I’ve read quite a bit. Again this will strike some as picky, but the narrator says at this point that McCartney had known him for more than twenty years when he made this offer—impossible, since even if that was at the very end of Wings’ lifespan, that would have meant they’d known each other since around the late 1950s. Maybe it was meant Paul made an offer to join his band in the late 1980s when Hopkins did play on a McCartney album, but Wings had long since disbanded then, and it’s a sloppy mistake.

17. Immediate Family (Magnolia). This started to do the round of festivals in 2022, but the 2024 Blu-Ray has a lot of bonus content, which is enough to get it into this list. Immediate Family is the name given to a clique of L.A. session musicians, a la what the Wrecking Crew had been in the 1960s, who played on many records in the 1970s – and also beyond, though the ‘70s albums on which they appear are the most renowned. These included albums, some very famous, by the likes of Carole King, Jackson Browne, Linda Ronstadt, James Taylor, and Warren Zevon. Immediate Family have toured on their own in recent years, and members are interviewed in this documentary, including drummer Russ Kunkel, bassist Leland Sklar, guitarist Danny Kortchmar, and guitarist Waddy Wachtel. So are a good number of the musicians and producers they worked with, including King, Browne, Ronstadt, Taylor, David Crosby, and producers Peter Asher and Lou Adler.

In keeping with the music they played, this film, or at least the first and best part of it, is solid but not spectacular. There’s a bit of footage of the stars and their sidemen from back in the ‘70s, but the bulk of it is devoted to interviews articulating their memories of how they became a go-to team in Hollywood studios. Not all of it’s just about hits like Tapestry and Sweet Baby James; Kortchmar’s roots in the King Bees and the Flying Machine, and Kunkel’s in Things to Come, are noted if not discussed in too much depth. There are also quite a few touring stories, as they’d often back musicians like Browne on the road, and while they might be holding back some of the more salacious ones, there’s an unexpected account of Linda Ronstadt enthusiastically joining with the boys to check out a strip club (and her being required to sing a bit to gain entrance as she didn’t have an ID). After the first hour, the 100-minute doc gets less interesting as it gets into the 1980s and slicker music (which endangered many sessioneers’ living) with the likes of Phil Collins, as well as some coverage of the recent live shows by Immediate Family.

The extras on the Blu-Ray aren’t incidental, adding up to three hours, according to the back cover blurb. An hour of this presents a roundtable discussion between all of the Immediate Family members that, unlike many such things, is coherent and fairly interesting, avoiding having them speak over each other or make silly in-jokes. Most of the rest has extended interview material with people who are interviewed in the documentary—not Immediate Family, but the stars they backed and associated producers, too. While some of this content is of limited appeal, there are some observations and stories of value, like detailed comments on James Taylor’s guitar style, and Kortchmar’s take on whether Taylor wanted to be in a band or go solo. These interview segments (though not the roundtable discussion) are hindered, however, by a ten-second ad of sorts separating each and every part of the specific interviews, flashing logos and sites associated with the documentary while the exact same instrumental passage plays. This doesn’t just happen a few times; it happens dozens of times. It’s an annoyance that’s rude to the viewer.

18. Brenda Lee: Rockin’ Around: American Masters (PBS). Like some other American Masters episodes, this flashes by the highlights—or some of them, anyway—of a career of a major artist pretty quickly, inevitably providing only a partial picture. As this is just an hour long, that’s more of an issue here than it is in some of the series’ longer episodes. It also zigzags quite a bit in her chronology, and although there are some performance clips, they are very brief—a shame, since some of them are pretty rare to my knowledge, like one of a very young Lee singing “Hound Dog” (which she didn’t put on her records). It does, however, have quite a bit of recent interview footage with Brenda in which she discusses her tough upbringing, the challenges of being a young star, and not only pioneering the role of women in rock, but also going into other genres, particularly country. The only significant peer from her prime among the other interviewees is Jackie DeShannon, who has some good comments about songs she wrote that Lee covered, as well as about Brenda’s general artistic stature. Other interviewees are mostly stars testifying to her influence, none of whom (Pat Benatar, Trisha Yearwood, Keith Urban, Tanya Tucker) were old enough to be performing during Lee’s prime. Although, to be fair, not many of the people who worked with her in the 1950s and 1960s, like producer Owen Bradley, are still around.

The co-author of Lee’s autobiography, incidentally, claims that she had more double-sided hits on singles than anyone. That’s not so; Elvis Presley certainly had more, as did others including Ricky Nelson and Pat Boone, even if you’re limiting yourself to the mid-1950s through the mid-1960s. Lee says she was the first woman rocker, and while she was the first big female rock star (unless perhaps you count Connie Francis as a rock singer), as far as being the first, certainly LaVern Baker predated her; Wanda Jackson did her first rock records around the same time; and some more obscure women rockers debuted around the time Lee did. Her achievements are enough to stand on their own without being inflated. And it’s too bad this documentary somehow didn’t mention that she recorded a 1964 hit single, “Is It True,” in England with then-session man Jimmy Page on guitar.

19. Wes Bound: The Genius of Wes Montgomery (PBS). This modest hour-long documentary is a reminder that for some major musical artists of the 1950s and 1960s, there aren’t many people around any longer to supply first-hand memories. So it is for Wes Montgomery, often acclaimed as one of the greatest jazz guitarists, though few survive who worked with him. While this relies on testimonials from others about his music — a couple quite famous (George Benson and Pat Metheny), more often quite obscure — this does cover the outlines of his career, with his son Robert providing much of the linking context and commentary. Montgomery wasn’t filmed terribly often either, but this does have some excerpts of his work from 1965 European performances (available in much greater length on the Live in ’65 DVD), a much earlier solo he took while in Lionel Hampton’s band, and a 1968 interview conducted shortly before his death. 

20. Disco: Soundtrack of a Revolution (PBS/BBC). Lasting almost three hours, this three-part series covers disco’s birth and heyday in the usual competent PBS/BBC fashion. There’s plenty of archive footage of performers and clubs, and lots of interviews with figures who were important in the genre, from artists, session musicians, and producers to DJs, clubgoers, and journalists. Maybe it’s a little more geared toward rapid cuts from soundbites than other public television music documentaries, owing to the party pace of the subject. There’s a wide range of commentary on the music from several angles, from drummer Earl Young demonstrating the construction of disco’s signature beat to singers like George McRae, Nona Hendryx, Candi Staton, and Anita Ward, producer Tom Moulton, and journalist Vince Aletti. Aside from the music and records, much attention’s given to its roots in gay and black clubs, as well as famed clubs and spaces like Studio 54; the prominent role of black women as disco artists; and the backlash against disco as the 1970s ended.

Certainly there are plenty of figures who aren’t covered, from producers like Giorgio Moroder to artists like Boney M. and Silver Convention, and the European branch of disco isn’t covered to any significant degree. The section on house and disco offshoots at the end could have been shortened. Plenty of territory is covered in the space allotted, however, making it of musical and social interest even for viewers who aren’t especially disco fans.

The following movies came out in 2023 (and perhaps 2022 depending on what release date you see), but I didn’t see them until 2024:

1. Jerry Lee Lewis, Trouble in Mind. This has an official release date of 2022, but really it didn’t seem to be widely seen and streamed until 2024. Putting it in the 2023 section splits the difference. This is unconventionally structured for a documentary as it doesn’t tell a linear story, or use narration or interviews done specifically for the film. Instead there are a wealth of vintage performance clips—some complete, more often excerpted—along with an abundance of vintage interview clips, usually brief soundbites, with Lewis. There are also brief bits of interviews with associates like Lewis’s sister, but it’s almost entirely Jerry Lee’s show. The clips span almost his entire career, from his 1957 performance of “Whole Lotta Shakin’ Goin’ On” on the Steve Allen show—shown in its entirety, and tremendously exciting—to a 2020 song when he was close to death. Both his rock’n’roll and country material/incarnations are covered. There are also some duet performances, including ones with his cousin Mickey Gilley and Little Richard.

Since there’s generally too much in the way of unnecessary and even irrelevant commentary/narration in music documentaries, I generally approve of letting the music and artist speak for themselves. That generally works here, in part because Lewis was a very good and consistent performer, though you sometimes wish the performance excerpts were longer. The pluses considerably outweigh the flaws in this film, but it could be said that it’s on the short side at 73 minutes, and there’s certainly enough fine Lewis on film to fill more time. Some of the cuts between different versions of the same song are a bit hectic. While Lewis is generally witty (and unrepentant) in discussing his career with interviewers, these observations are brief and disconnected enough to make it hard for viewers without considerable familiarity with his work to get a full sense of his career trajectory and accomplishments. There are books, if imperfect ones, to fill in those gaps. Certainly Jerry Lee isn’t shy at taking credit for his greatness in what we hear on screen in this documentary, if uncomfortably blithe in talking about some of the more controversial aspects of his life.

2. Lost Angel: The Genius of Judee Sill (Greenwich Entertainment). Sill only had a couple singer-songwriter albums in the early 1970s, but has generated a sizable cult following in the twenty-first century. Her discography is slim, though it’s been embellished by some unreleased material and live recordings. But there’s enough archival material—including some performance footage (though some of it’s in lo-fi black and white), audio interviews, and diary entries (here voiced rather than read by Sill)—to form a substantial part of this hour and a half documentary. More of it’s devoted to comments from people who knew and worked with Sill, and the roster of interviewees is impressive, including Graham Nash, Jackson Browne, Linda Ronstadt, David Crosby, David Geffen, and Jim Pons of the Leaves/Turtles, along with far less celebrated musical colleagues and friends. There’s also praise from younger musicians who admire Sill’s music, and while her two albums and touring during the early-1970s are detailed, so are her harrowing experiences before and after her brief recording career. Those include extensive drug use, at least some time as a prostitute, and severe physical pain from car accidents and surgery in her final years, exacerbated by her failure to gain a record deal after her two LPs for the Asylum label.

While this is a solid documentary—especially considering there wasn’t abundant source material with which to work—it might not convince viewers such as myself who don’t rate Sill’s records too highly of her greatness. Sill herself seemed convinced of it, but there was a gap between her goal to quickly ascend to stardom and her modest sales at the time, though she had the backing of Geffen and his then-new Asylum label. There’s speculation Geffen dropped her because of some unflattering remarks she made about him, which the record executive refutes here; as to a story that she camped out on his lawn to pressure him, he notes he didn’t have a lawn. While the praise from Nash, Browne, and Ronstadt is so fulsome it seems at times like they regard Sill as having more talent than they do, there really isn’t a mystery as to why she didn’t become nearly as successful—her music wasn’t as accessible or possessed of nearly as much wide appeal. And, in my opinion, not nearly as good, and unrealistic to view as having failed to connect with the masses because of bad breaks or alleged lack of promotion. Whether or not others agree, the music itself is extensively and intelligently discussed, including her blend of period singer-songwriter rock with gospel, jazz, orchestration, and classical flavors, as well as lyrics that sometimes blended religion with sexuality.

This is, incidentally, another film that first screened in 2022 but didn’t seem to get widely seen until 2024. The DVD has a 2023 copyright date, so I’m putting it in the 2023 section.

3. Carole King, Home Again: Live from the Great Lawn, Central Park, New York City, May 26, 1973 (Ode). Actually first screened in 2022, this didn’t make it onto DVD until 2023. It was shown on PBS a lot too, but the DVD gives you the full 80-minute running time without pledge breaks. It’s a straightforward film of this concert before a large audience, with a sizable introductory segment explaining King’s basic rise to stardom and how the concert was arranged, with voiceover from King and producer Lou Adler. King and Adler occasionally have voiceovers during the main concert portion too, but mostly that’s presented without embellishment. The first half of the performance was devoted to King solo at the piano; in the second half, she was accompanied by a band with jazz-rock fusion flavor, in line with what was at the time her more recent material.

It’s curious there’s no “I Feel the Earth Move”  or “So Far Away,” and she didn’t revisit some of the classics she wrote with Gerry Goffin that she redid in her early solo career, like “Will You Love Me Tomorrow,” “A Natural Woman,” and “Up on the Roof.” The songs from her about-to-be-released Fantasy album would have been unfamiliar to the audience, which doesn’t seem to mind, and are still not among her more familiar works, other than the small hit single “Corazon.” But King performs well and with ebullience, and there’s none of the drama associated with some outdoor festival or festival-like events of the time, other than some worry about concertgoers climbing towers. The hockey jerseys worn by some of the backup band are not explained.

Live Rock Albums in the 1960s

According to the liner notes of the recent Mothers of the Invention archive release Whisky a Go Go, 1968, the material on this triple CD was recorded on July 23, 1968 “with the event to be secretly recorded for an upcoming record album.” There was no live Mothers album in the 1960s, and there wouldn’t be one until 1971, by which time there was an entirely new lineup, albeit still led by Frank Zappa.

It doesn’t sound like this recording would have made for an especially good 1968 live LP, and not just because the sound, while pretty good for a 1968 concert recording, isn’t quite as sharp as it should have been for an official release. There’s nothing from their then-recent and brilliant album We’re Only in It for the Money. In fact it seems like they were for the most part avoiding their most accessible songs for not-so-brilliant (certainly without the visuals) comedy and avant-garde-ish improvisation. Maybe they deliberately wanted to showcase sides of their repertoire not heard on their first three albums, but it’s not a great loss it didn’t appear at the time.

This post isn’t a review of the Whisky a Go Go CD, which will be reviewed (and not at great length) in my upcoming year-end roundup of noteworthy 2024 reissues. Thinking about it, however, did make me think generally about how relatively few landmark or “signature” rock albums were made in the 1960s – and how many were attempted, and often released. There were more such concert LPs in the 1970s by the likes of the Allman Brothers (Fillmore East), Cheap Trick (Live in Budokan), and if you want to dig down toward lesser known acts, Humble Pie (Fillmore East again). Or live albums that, if not usually cited as one of an artist’s top efforts, were nonetheless often cited as quite significant for their quality and/or broadening their audience, like Lou Reed’s Rock’n’Roll Animal

There were good and even great live albums recorded in the 1960s, of course. But even among those, some of them didn’t come out until after the 1960s—sometimes way after the 1960s—and some were only half of a double LP, paired with a studio set. 

This post looks at twenty or so live albums by top 1960s acts and how notable they are in the context of their entire discography. It doesn’t survey every notable act of the time by any means; some great bands, like the Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, Love, Them, and the Pretty Things, didn’t put out live albums in their peak years, and didn’t even leave anything behind in terms of unreleased concert recordings that are truly of release quality. Not too many of the live recordings that did come out would be rated as highlights of their catalog, let alone signature albums, although many contain fine music.

The Beatles: Starting with the usual guys who top such lists, although the Beatles didn’t release live albums while they were active, they made a number of attempts. George Martin seriously considered making their debut LP a live recording at the Cavern in Liverpool before deciding, probably wisely, they could replicate their onstage energy with better acoustics at EMI’s London studios. There were hopes to record a live album at their first US concerts at Carnegie Hall in February 1964, but this was thwarted by the musicians’ union.

Capitol Records famously recorded them at the Hollywood Bowl in 1964 and 1965, but the sound quality and performances were not considered up to standard, the Beatles having a hard time even hearing themselves above the audience screams. Some tracks came out in 1977 on the official At the Hollywood Bowl album, and a few more are on the CD, which took many years to come out. They’re fun, but virtually everyone would agree, including the Beatles, that the group were much better in the studio. Not that they were bad live – far from it, but the conditions were so haphazard that no one could have played and recorded near their full potential. That’s also true of several Beatleamania-era concert bootlegs that aren’t too dissimilar, like their 1965 Shea Stadium show or, more obscurely, a 1964 Philadelphia performance.

They considered making a live album—unusually, comprised of new material—in early 1969, though like other ideas floated during the Get Back era, it didn’t come close to getting realized. Some of Let It Be could be considered a live album, since some of it was recorded during their famous January 30, 1969 Apple rooftop performance. While that’s very good, it’s not really a live LP, and wouldn’t be even if the whole rooftop performance was issued separately. That performance was too short to make a full album, especially considering there were some multiple versions of the same song.

There’s also the double live LP of material taped live in Hamburg in late December 1962, not issued until about fifteen years later. Historically interesting it undeniably is, but the fidelity really is subpar – much more so than the Hollywood Bowl tapes. And the actual performances, while sometimes exciting, are also often sloppy.

In a way there is a live Beatles album—several, in fact. Because many tracks from their 1962-65 BBC radio sessions survive, though most of them were recorded in a studio, not in front of a live audience. But the performances are often great, and whether you have them on the official CD sets or bootlegs, they do what many live albums aim to do. They show them playing with a somewhat different, more spontaneous energy than they did in the studio, and very often—three dozen times—playing songs (all but one covers) not on their official studio LPs, quite often resulting in great cuts. This could be said of the BBC sessions of many British 1960s rockers, but no one utilized them as often and as well as the Beatles did.

The Rolling Stones: As great as the Rolling Stones were, few live albums by top ‘60s rock acts missed the mark as badly as 1966’s Got Live If You Want It. The sound quality was substandard, and worse, some of the tracks were obviously studio performances overdubbed with audience noise. There’s actually some good energy here if you make your ears fight through the fidelity, but the live versions are sometimes rushed, and no match for the studio counterparts.

A live UK 1965 EP of the same title (most of which came out on different US LPs) also suffered from non-optimum fidelity, though the performances were better than those used for the US Got Live album. Many Stones fans are probably still unaware that you can get a pretty fair facsimile of what that EP would sound like blown up to a full-length LP as one of the discs on the expensive Charlie Is My Darling box, which is built around the 1965 film documentary of them touring Ireland. With songs like “Little Red Rooster,” “Off the Hook,” “Time Is On My Side,” and “The Last Time” that aren’t on the EP, it almost adds up to a bona fide album, all of it recorded around the same time as the EP that did come out. But it was done shortly before they started writing their best original mid-‘60s songs, “The Last Time” excepted. And the sound quality just isn’t good enough to put this in the top rank, seeming more like a very above-average bootleg for a mid-‘60s live concert—not that there’s anything wrong with that.

Get Yer Ya-Ya’s Out, recorded during their US tour in late 1969, is highly esteemed by many, though it turns out some studio overdubbing was later done to the tapes. Certainly it has some pretty different versions of staples like “Street Fighting Man” and particularly “Sympathy for the Devil,” but those actually aren’t as good as the classic studio counterparts. Only “Midnight Rambler” actually surpasses the studio prototype. And Mick Taylor had replaced Brian Jones, meaning there aren’t live Stones relics that capture them with their best lineup, for all Taylor’s estimable contributions.

The Who: Tommy will always be their most well known album, if not always the one most highly regarded by critics. Many Who fans would say Live at Leeds, from just outside the 1960s (recorded in early 1970), comes close, and/or at least certainly ranks among the best live rock albums. In one of my many unpopular opinions, I don’t feel that way, even though I’m a big Who fan. Live their arrangements had gotten too heavy and sometimes overlong for me, as heard not only on the original Live at Leeds, but also on the much longer superdeluxe box, and some other live recordings from the period, both official and unofficial.

The Who did make a serious effort at recording a live album when they weren’t quite as heavy, though still almost as heavy as any band around, at the Fillmore East in April 1968. Recordings from this finally came out a few years ago, and while they’re pretty good, I wouldn’t say they rate among the all-time best of concert tapes from this era. Bonuses include songs they hadn’t put on their records, like the anti-smoking commercial “Little Billy,” a few Eddie Cochran covers, the early soul classic “Fortune Teller,” and some interesting improvisation on the relatively unheralded “Relax.” A big minus is the 33-minute version of “My Generation,” which is ridiculously overlong.

For all the testaments that the Who were a better band live in the ‘60s than on their records—and such accolades are given to many acts, past to present—as actual listening experiences, as opposed to being there when they’re smashing their equipment and such, their concert tapes are considerably less satisfying. 

Note, by the way, that some of the Fillmore material was bootlegged for decades from an acetate that Who manager/producer Kit Lambert made of performances from the Fillmore East shows. Some April 5, 1968 cuts from that acetate aren’t on the official Live at the Fillmore East 1968 release. You can be forgiven for wondering if there’s going to be a deluxe version of that in the future that requires completists to buy it, even if they already have much of it on the Live at the Fillmore East 1968 that’s already out.

The Yardbirds: The Yardbirds put out two albums of live 1960s material, though one was only officially available briefly, and not until 1971. The more commonly heard one was their first LP, Five Live Yardbirds, recorded in 1964 with the Eric Clapton lineup. It’s one of the few debut albums by a top ‘60s act that was live, other examples being live LPs by John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, Georgie Fame, and the MC5.

Although the fidelity on Five Live Yardbirds is only fair, it did the job it was supposed to, capturing the Clapton lineup in good form. A crucial advantage being that, unlike the Beatles and Rolling Stones, they weren’t hindered by huge screaming crowds, as this was recorded in a London club before they had a hit record. On “Smokestack Lightning” and “Here ‘Tis” especially they excel—the whole band, not just Clapton—with their signature raveups, instrumental interplay, and hectic improvisation.

But the album isn’t markedly better than the three studio singles they did with Clapton. Actually those singles are arguably on the whole better, with only “Smokestack Lightning” and “Here ‘Tis” equaling them. Even if Clapton hated the last A-side he did with them, their first hit, “For Your Love”—and he is on there, in the middle part.

The story behind the live album they recorded at New York’s Anderson Theatre in March 1968 is different and peculiar. Done with the Jimmy Page lineup a few months before they broke up, it’s okay, but not the Yardbirds or even the Page lineup at their greatest. It’s of most interest for including a pre-Led Zeppelin “Dazed and Confused,” though even that was done better for the BBC and on French TV. As by now is pretty well known, it was exhumed in 1971 as Live Yardbirds Featuring Jimmy Page to capitalize on Led Zeppelin’s success. It was quickly withdrawn due to Page’s objections, and no one was totally satisfied with it even as a souvenir, since it was overdubbed with ridiculous fake audience noise, often termed “bullfight cheers.”

Predictably, this was soon easily available as a bootleg. It was reconstructed without the fake cheers for an authorized 2017 release, Yardbirds ’68. That was naturally better, but not perfect, as most of singer Keith Relf’s between-song comments were taken out. More seriously, some of the musical performances were edited. Five Live Yardbirds was more successful at representing a different lineup, but as usual, the studio recordings were where they were at their best, whether with Clapton, Page, or (especially) Jeff Beck.

John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers: They weren’t among the highest-selling acts of the ‘60s, but they were very important and good. And they put out two live albums. The first, John Mayall Plays John Mayall, isn’t so widely commented upon, likely because it doesn’t feature any of the three guitarists (Clapton, Peter Green, and Mick Taylor) who did memorable stints in the Bluesbreakers. Recorded in a London club in late 1964, it was taped even before Clapton joined, with the relatively unknown Roger Dean on guitar.

It’s actually very good R&B rock, and not too dissimilar from what the Rolling Stones were doing very early on when they were primarily a cover band, a difference being that Mayall wrote most of the LP’s material. Although it wasn’t issued in the US at the time, it became pretty easy to get in the early 1970s, when it was the second disc on the American two-LP compilation Down the Line. But it wasn’t as good as Mayall’s best work with Clapton and Green. There are sketchy and fairly lo-fi albums of live material from both of those lineups, none of them coming close to doing the musicians justice, mostly but not wholly because of the sound quality.

Recorded in the Fillmore East in July 1969 shortly after Taylor left, The Turning Point is actually one of the albums discussed in this post that comes closest to being a signature statement. It’s probably Mayall’s most well known album other than the sole LP the Bluesbreakers did with Clapton, simply titled Bluesbreakers. It ends with what is probably Mayall’s most well known individual track, “Room to Move.” 

So why isn’t it a signature statement? Not just because there’s no Clapton, Green, or Mayall. The Bluesbreakers changed lineups so many times that no one album could serve as a signature statement, no matter what one’s individual opinion.

The Doors: Though released in 1970, the double LP Absolutely Live was recorded between July 1969 and May 1970. I’ve always had mixed feelings about the record. On the one hand, it absolutely delivers what many listeners hope to get from live albums, and don’t regularly get: numerous songs, both covers and original, not available (at least in 1970) on studio LPs. Some of the songs that were familiar from studio versions were done significantly differently in concert.

Yet for all that, and decent sound quality to boot, it’s not on par with their studio material. At times—not just here, but on many of the Doors’ numerous posthumous archive concert albums—they don’t seem to be taking the material 100% seriously. It makes for a different angle on the group, certainly, but not as good a one as they had in the studio, where they didn’t joke around.

Absolutely Live is for me something of a neat, quirky footnote to their main body of work. Their March 1967 Matrix recordings, recently assembled in a deluxe box (though some had been previously released, and most had been bootlegged), are easily the best live ones available. They’re quite serious playing this small San Francisco club, a few months before “Light My Fire” became a hit. But the slightly imperfect sound, and performances that, while exciting, can’t equal the magnificence of their early studio discs, and put this out of the top tier of the Doors catalog.

The Beach Boys: I’ve read a rock critic essay, written back in the late 1960s, that slammed the Doors for not being nearly as good live as they were on their records, almost as if they and their producer were cheating. A similar sentiment was expressed in the entry for the Beach Boys in the 1972 book Encyclopedia of Rock’n’Roll, a slim volume that was nonetheless one of the first rock reference books, with the tagline “a concise guide to the young sounds of 1954-1963.” “In person, the Beach Boys were and are nothing short of terrible; but on record, they’re fantastic,” it read. “Brian Wilson turned a mediocre group into one of the best sounds on wax.”

Actually numerous mid-1960s film clips, from when Brian was still performing with the group, are pretty exciting and testify they could play well in concert. You wouldn’t guess it, however, from the one live album they issued in the 1960s, Beach Boys Concert, recorded in 1964. The sound is thin—yes, markedly inferior to the studio versions—the performance sometimes rushed, and the between-song commentary often dated and corny. There are cover versions they hadn’t put on their studio releases, but while their take on “Little Old Lady From Pasadena” is pretty good, no one really needed to hear their version of “Monster Mash.”

The Beach Boys made several attempts at recording live in the 1960s, some of which have come out on archive releases. One batch of recordings from December 1968, Live in London, did come out in 1970, though then only in the UK. Alas, some of the same general problems afflicted other live Beach Boys tapes too. They sounded perfunctory, sometimes even half-hearted, compared to the records. Even more than most top acts who weren’t at their best on live tapes, the Beach Boys didn’t seem to have it in them to make a good concert album, let alone one that would be considered a highlight of their discography.

This didn’t bother listeners in 1964, who sent the Concert album to #1—the only #1 LP the Beach Boys had in the 1960s. Such were the commercial depths to which the group fell within a decade, however, that as an 11-year-old in 1973, I bought a reissue of the album on the budget Pickwick label for a dollar—new, not used. By the following year the group’s live (and general) fortunes revived when the Endless Summer compilation was a #1 hit, though they’d never make a fine live album, or indeed studio records to match the quality of what they’d done in the 1960s.

Bob Dylan: Several attempts were made to tape a live Dylan album in the 1960s, including a couple during his early folk period. Those have come out on official archive releases. So has another concert recording that’s far more famous, of him in Manchester, England in spring 1966. Half of it has him solo acoustic; the other, more renowned and notorious half is loud electric rock with the Hawks (later the Band) backing him. This electric half in particular was bootlegged for almost thirty years before the whole show, which had often been erroneously labeled as recorded in London’s Albert Hall on bootlegs, was officially issued on CD.

It could have easily come out as a stopgap release in 1967, when Dylan was out of the public eye after his famous summer 1966 motorcycle accident. Maybe it was felt his Greatest Hits compilation, which did come out to fill the gap, was a better bet. Had it come out shortly after it was recorded, it probably would have been enthusiastically received, especially as both the acoustic and electric arrangements often differed notably and interestingly from the studio versions.

But would it have been received as a signature statement? I don’t think so, in part because while Dylan didn’t have a reputation as a focused studio perfectionist, actually the studio versions were more focused, with better fidelity. And, in cases where electric rock studio tracks were done as solo acoustic tunes (like “Just Like a Woman”), the studio rock versions were simply better and fuller. 

It would be interesting to see how this Live at Albert Hall (as it was frequently mistitled) album would have fared back in 1967. Not so much on the charts, where it almost certainly would have done well, but with listeners and critics. I think it would have been viewed as a very good and cool supplement to what Dylan had done in the mid-1960s, but not better or equal. The luster it acquired among many critics and listeners might have been inflated by its very rarity, or at least lack of easy availability for those not aware of how to acquire unauthorized recordings. Those who were perhaps felt like they were being let in on a secret, or given access denied to much of the public.

Jefferson Airplane: More than any other item on this list, the Airplane’s late-‘60s concert album, Bless Its Pointed Little Head, falls in between a disappointment and a signature record. It never seems to have been intended as either a major statement or something to fill out a release schedule. It was just a decent concert recording that gave satisfyingly different, but not radically different, arrangements than what they were doing in the studio. There were good covers they didn’t fit on their studio albums, like “The Other Side of This Life” and “Fat Angel.” It was a worthwhile part of their discography that, to use a cliche, did what it was supposed to do, or what live albums were supposed to do, pretty well.

Pink Floyd: Ummagumma in some ways approached being a signature album, at least in the US in 1969, where (unlike in the UK and some other countries) they were just becoming widely known. So many listeners wouldn’t have heard the original studio versions of the songs that comprised the live half of the LP: “Astronomy Domine” (the original of which actually wouldn’t be issued in the US for many years), “Careful With That Axe, Eugene,” “Set the Controls For the Heart of the Sun,” and “A Saucerful of Secrets.” The last three of these were pretty similar to the studio versions in some respects, but with four songs occupying two sides of an LP, were more drawn-out. The sound was excellent—indeed, much better than most of the rock concert LP competition. 

And even as a big fan of the Floyd’s Syd Barrett era, “Astronomy Domine” was the definitive version. Doubling the length of the studio track on their first LP, the David Gilmour lineup simply surpasses the prototype here, with superb alternation of tense passages building to creepy crescendos and languid, reflective spaced-out ones. 

Although Ummagumma was successful in expanding the band’s following in the US and internationally, there’s a simple reason it wouldn’t have been received as a signature album. It’s hardly a secret, but the second disc in the two-LP set had studio performances of new material. Except for “Grantchester Meadows,” it wasn’t in the same league as the songs on the live set.

But the group doesn’t seem to have intended this to be solely a studio or solely a concert record; the intent seems very much to have mixed both. Maybe if they’d decided to make a double live LP featuring some of their other best early songs, and adding a live version of “Grantchester Meadows” (which they could do very well live, as some recordings prove), it would have been greeted as a major concert record. But this wasn’t the case, and Pink Floyd wouldn’t issue another live or even partially live album during their prime.

Cream: As long as we’re on half-live/half-studio double albums, Wheels of Fire was not just a lot more popular than Ummagumma, but the most successful such record of the era, and maybe of all time. Commercially, that is; it made #1 in 1968. It had pretty good music, if more on the studio disc, which besides the big hit “White Room” had some of Cream’s better studio tracks, like “Politician” and “Born Under a Bad Sign.” 

At the time, the live part might have been at least as popular, with “Crossroads” and the most famous (or infamous) rock song of the period with a long drum solo, “Toad.” Now, and for some listeners even then, it wasn’t as good as what they did in the studio. Besides “Crossroads,” the four tracks were just too long and indulgent. It did function as a representation of something they wouldn’t put on studio albums, showcasing their lengthy improvisations. But besides this getting disqualified as a signature album because half of it isn’t live, it wouldn’t hold up as a highlight of Cream’s work owing both to its lesser quality than their studio material, and not reflecting all or even most sides of their repertoire and sound.

Jimi Hendrix: Sticking with heavy rock for a bit, Hendrix put out just one live album during his lifetime, though there are many – not just a half dozen – live albums available now, and indeed they continue to get issued posthumously fairly regularly. The one that came out while he was still alive was Band of Gypsys. This is also the only non-posthumous one with the actual Band of Gypsys, Hendrix playing with bassist Billy Cox and drummer Buddy Miles. Recorded on New Year’s Day 1970, its release was at least partially motivated by a complicated contractual obligation rooted in a dispute with a former producer.

Quite a few years ago, a review of a reissue of this called it the jewel of the Hendrix catalog. I don’t see it that way at all, and I think a pretty low percentage of Jimi’s fans view it as the jewel, or even one of the best of his records. Certainly it’s interesting, and “Machine Gun” does rate as a highlight of his catalog, if we’re just talking songs. But though some fans and critics feel he should have been playing with more soul/R&B-rooted musicians instead of the original Experience, this isn’t as good or versatile as what Hendrix did with Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding. It’s heavier blues-soul-rock, sometimes sluggish and overlong. Just the presence of Buddy Miles as sometime lead vocalist eliminates this from being close to Hendrix’s best, though Miles’s “Changes” was one of the best songs.

Like some other albums in this post, this has been given an expanded CD treatment. In this case, a very expanded one, as there was a five-CD box of his Fillmore East sets from December 31, 1969 and January 1, 1970. It gives you quite a few more songs and the expected multiple versions of songs from the original LP, but doesn’t change my general evaluation.

Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young: Although some critics don’t regard this too highly, 4 Way Street comes closer to being a signature album than most of the entries here. Of course that’s helped by CSNY (at first as CSN) only putting out two studio albums during their prime. But 4 Way Street was an extremely successful record, getting to #1 as a double album. Just as importantly, the two-LP format gave the group a chance to present songs not on their studio albums, and in formats that their studio LPs wouldn’t have allowed.

Specifically, there was the chance to hear solo performances, or performances by only part of the group, that were regular features of their concerts. There were extended versions of some of their most popular songs, particularly “Carry On.” There were some of the most popular songs they did outside of CSNY, like Neil Young’s “Southern Man,” extended to thirteen minutes, Stephen Stills’s “Love the One You’re With,” and Graham Nash’s “Chicago.” In these respects, it was more representative of their concerts than their studio work.

Still, these tracks weren’t as good as the studio versions, though they often gave a distinctly different slant to them. The performances themselves weren’t always 100% tight. If there is a signature CSNY album, it’s Déja Vu, another #1 record, and the only one from their brief prime to have Y (Young) as well as CSN.

The Grateful Dead: Speaking of double live albums, what about 1969’s Live/Dead? Certainly it’s the most highly esteemed of their non-archival live records, even if some might vote for Europe ’72. But there’s so much live Grateful Dead—and with so many Deadheads avidly collecting their official and unofficial live tapes, it’s not a peripheral part of their catalog—that nominating any single live show or collection would be difficult. And while both the band and much of their audience don’t consider their studio recordings as important as experiencing the Dead live, their 1970 albums Workingman’s Dead and American Beauty are both easily their most highly regarded studio LPs and quite different from their live albums/tapes. I think they’re better, too. But their prominence would make it impossible to select any one Dead album, live or not, as the cream of the crop.

Quicksilver Messenger Service: Acts with brief careers, and certainly brief primes, are at an advantage for a live LP getting pegged as definitive, simply because there’s less competition within their discography. Quicksilver’s career actually wasn’t all that short, but almost everyone would agree their peak period was the late 1960s, before their lineup altered when Dino Valente joined. They only put out two LPs in that time, with the live one (and second of the pair), Happy Trails, being the more famous and successful. Most Quicksilver fans—those that are left, as they aren’t among the most well remembered acts of the era—would vote for Happy Trails as their signature album.

I know I’m outvoted, but I’m not a big fan of Happy Trails. Their sheer length of “Who Do You Love,” taking up all of side one at 25 minutes, is chiefly responsible for its popularity, but I find it way too long and not all that interesting. Side two, which got lots less play, doesn’t do too much for me either.

Lest it seem like I just don’t like Quicksilver, actually I do like them during this period—much more than I do the Dead, for instance. But although their self-titled studio debut LP was sometimes criticized as not being that great or reflective of their strengths as a live act, I think it’s pretty good, and certainly superior to Happy Trails. The necessity of working in the studio, as it often does, seemed to focus the arrangements more and orient the song selection toward fairly succinct ones, like their career highlight “Pride of Man.” Even the seven-minute “Gold and Silver” instrumental doesn’t have wasted space.

If fans who were there might maintain Happy Trails doesn’t wholly capture their live glory, by this time there are quite a few official and unofficial live Quicksilver releases from the era. They have their moments, and I would say some are better than Happy Trails. Yet none of them are as good as that underrated studio debut, Quicksilver Messenger Service.

The MC5: More than Happy Trails, and more than any other album here, Kick Out the Jams is the album most people think of first, or even think of only, when it comes to this particular act. While not exactly a hit record, it was easily their most widely heard, and certainly their most notorious—indeed, one of the most notorious from the whole era. Live debut albums are unusual, but this one did make an impact and to some degree define the group, even if it didn’t sell the loads of copies that some might have expected.

To present an unpopular opinion, I’m not a big MC5 fan. Lester Bangs wasn’t a fan of the record when it first came out and he reviewed it. But more to the point, the sound quality isn’t sparkling, and sheer volume and outrage outweigh the quality of the material, which often isn’t that strong. While this gets into revisionist snobbery, their rare pre-LP singles (not so rare now that they’ve been reissued on CD) have sharper playing, and even if the fidelity isn’t top-notch, the energy’s off the charts. The record’s legendary status might have as much to do with their revolutionary reputation and the pure outlandish in-your-faceness of the disc than its inherent merits, and the subsequent controversy it caused when Elektra Records dropped them from the label after the band took out a profane ad with unauthorized use of the Elektra logo.

But although the MC5’s later albums have their champions, not many would favor them above Kick Out the Jams. It overshadows the other records they put out in their original incarnation, and is certainly the first one that comes to mind when the group’s recorded legacy is considered, even among people who aren’t big fans.

The Great Society: Here we have a case where a notable group’s live albums aren’t just their signature statements, but almost their only statements. Most famous for featuring Grace Slick before she joined Jefferson Airplane, the Great Society only managed one barely distributed single (with an early version of “Somebody to Love,” then titled “Someone to Love”) before breaking up in late 1966 when Slick left. To capitalize on Slick’s fame, two albums of live recordings from mid-1966 at San Francisco’s Matrix club were issued in 1968. But they’re not mere historical footnotes. The Great Society were a fine group in their own right, and blended improvisation, jazz, raga, middle eastern music, and folk-rock into innovative and often excellent early San Francisco psychedelia. Early versions of “Somebody to Love” and “White Rabbit” are on the first and better of the two LPs, Conspicuous Only in Its Absence. But the albums have plenty of fine original songs not available elsewhere, and some good covers.

An album’s worth of earlier demos for Autumn Records was issued several decades after these two LPs, so they no longer represent close to 100% of their discography. Those demos show the group in much rougher and less impressive form. So Conspicuous Only in Its Absence and its follow-up How It Was, which have been combined onto one CD, very much overshadow anything else on record by the Great Society. I can’t think of another instance where a significant 1960s rock act is only represented well by live albums.

James Brown: There were plenty of live 1960s soul albums, and though I’m not covering those in this post, I’ll make an exception for one artist. Brown’s Live at the Apollo, recorded in 1962, is sometimes enthused about as if it’s not only one of the greatest live albums, but one of the greatest albums, period. Here’s another instance where I’m probably outvoted, but even as a Brown fan, I don’t share that opinion, and in fact don’t find the record that exciting. It’s less oriented toward his uptempo material than you might expect, and predates his move into his absolute prime in the mid-to-late 1960s when he pioneered funk.

Since Brown (and many soul and rock artists of the time) didn’t pay nearly as much attention to crafting fine full-length albums as making hit singles, there aren’t standalone studio LPs that are nearly as good as his compilations. He did record more live albums, the best of which is the double LP Live at the Apollo Vol. 2, recorded in 1967. If everything on that record was as good as the thrilling near-continuous melody of funk (including “There Was a Time” and “Cold Sweat”) that takes up all of side two, it might just stand as Brown’s best recorded statement, or certainly best album, though his best singles would still be his greatest achievements. But the other three sides of that double LP aren’t nearly as good or cutting-edge, including some of his older ballads, perfunctory covers, and ridiculously short versions of “Out of Sight” and “I Got You (I Feel Good).”

The Velvet Underground: The Velvets didn’t put out a live record when they were active, and that doesn’t seem to have been seriously considered. They weren’t such big record sellers that their labels would be eager to inflate their catalog with a live release. This changed when Lou Reed rose to prominence as a solo artist, and the VU in general started to get more and more deserved accolades for the pioneering quality of their music. Even before “Walk on the Wild Side,” Atlantic had issued, in 1972, a lo-fi recording of them in summer 1970 at Max’s Kansas City (taped on cassette).

The Velvets’ live brilliance is far better represented by the terrific double LP 1969 Velvet Underground Live, recorded at various San Francisco and Dallas gigs in autumn 1969, but not issued until 1974, with Reed’s name in the subtitle. It’s notable not just because of the sky-high quality of the music. It also shows how, much more so than most top bands, they could change around and almost redefine their songs in performance, sometimes with arrangements that were decidedly superior to the studio versions, such as their extended version of “White Light/White Heat.” There were also good songs that hadn’t appeared on their studio albums (or even Reed’s solo albums), like “Over You” and “Sweet Bonnie Brown/It’s Just Too Much.”

But is this the Velvets’ best and/or signature album? Their first LP, 1967’s The Velvet Underground & Nico aka “The Banana Album,” will always be their most famous album by far. There are good reasons for that: besides the basic classic worth of the music, it has some of their best/most celebrated songs, and is the only LP with Nico, though she sings lead on only three tracks. It’s not a signature album since each of their four studio albums were quite different, and worthy in their own way. But their subsequent records will never be as widely hailed, as good as they were.

And 1969 Velvet Underground Live was very good—almost as good as The Velvet Underground & Nico, I’d say. And in some ways more representative of their range, not only because it encompassed material from all three of their first three albums and then some, but also because it had sweet romantic ballads, pummeling proto-punk, joyous celebratory rockers, and more, testifying to the underrated breadth of their repertoire. Some listeners would automatically fail to consider this their best or nearly their best because of the absence of John Cale, who’d left the group in late 1968. But with his replacement Doug Yule, they did reach their peak as a live act, and while these tapes were not originally intended for an album, they couldn’t have captured them better in concert. If not the signature album of the Velvet Underground as a whole, it could certainly be considered the signature album of their underrated period with the Yule lineup.

The Expanding A’s

Late last year, major league baseball owners approved a planned move of the Oakland A’s to Las Vegas. News around whether this is certain to happen, and where the A’s will play between 2025 and 2027 before a major league baseball stadium is built in Las Vegas, seemed to change almost daily before it was determined they’d play in Sacramento through 2027, and possibly beyond, depending on whether a stadium (and indeed move to) Las Vegas is completed. This doesn’t necessarily mean Oakland won’t have a major league baseball team after this year, or 2027. One of the numerous options that at least has been posed is for MLB to make sure one of the two next expansion teams goes to Oakland.

That might seem like an odd roundabout way to keep big league baseball in Oakland, but there are precedents where a city lost a team and gained one back pretty quickly. These are:

Famously, the New York area lost both the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants to Los Angeles and San Francisco respectively in 1958. The National League was without a New York team for just four years, with the Mets becoming an expansion team in 1962. Politics are involved in the Oakland-Las Vegas move, and they were involved in the inauguration of the New York Mets too. It was pretty complex, but basically Branch Rickey, perhaps the most famous baseball executive of all time (including with the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1940s and 1950s), was spearheading the formation of a third major league, which would have had a team in New York. The major leagues responded by expanding by four teams in the early 1960s (two in the NL, two in the AL), including the New York Mets for the NL. That ended the Continental League’s plans to form a league of its own.

As part of this early-’60s expansion, the Washington Senators replaced — the Washington Senators. The Senators that had been in the American League since it was formed moved to Minnesota and became the Twins, and an entirely different franchise, also named the Senators, became one of the two AL expansion teams in 1961. So Washington didn’t miss a year of major league baseball, though the Twins quickly became good, and the new Senators had just one winning year (in 1969). The “just one” is a hint that this isn’t the greatest example to hearten Oakland baseball fans, since the expansion Senators lasted just eleven years before moving to Texas and becoming the Rangers in 1972. Washington, DC was then without baseball for more than thirty years before the Montreal Expos moved there to become the Nationals.

There’s another precedent tied closely to the history of the Oakland A’s. The franchise started in Philadelphia, moving to Kansas City in 1955. Lasting thirteen years, the Kansas City A’s had one of the least successful stints in major league history, never having a winning season, and not developing top stars, although there were some players who were good for a few years, like Dick Howser. When they started to promote major talents like Bert Campaneris, Reggie Jackson, Catfish Hunter, and Sal Bando to the majors, the franchise would turn around — but not get above .500 until moving to Oakland in 1968, where they had a winning season, and were soon perennial contenders, winning three straight World Series in 1972-74.

But Kansas City was only without a team for a year. The Royals became an expansion team in 1969, and they’re still there. They were almost as bad as the A’s last year, and are having issues of their own in establishing a new stadium. But there hasn’t been talking of them moving, and they recently made a major commitment to their future by signing young star Bobby Witt to a huge long-term contract, the kind of thing that’s not a remote possibility with the current A’s ownership. That quickly paid off when the Royals made a remarkable turnaround and made the playoffs, just a year after losing 106 games.

The quick installment of the Royals also had a political dimension. A Missouri senator threatened to introduce legislation threatening baseball’s antitrust exemption. This might have hastened baseball’s expansion to 24 teams in 1969, though even after expansion was approved in late 1967, the initial idea was not to do so until 1971. 

Arguably the least successful stint a team had in a city in major league history was in 1969, when the Pilots played in Seattle for just one year. However, they then filled a gap in another city that had lost a major league team, Milwaukee, where the Boston Braves had relocated in 1953. The Braves moved to Atlanta in 1966, although they ‘d been very heavily supported by Milwaukee fans in the 1950s, when the Braves won the World Series in 1957. Milwaukee was only without a team for four years before the Seattle Pilots became the Milwaukee Brewers in 1970.

The Pilots finished last in the division their only year in Seattle, playing in a small and substandard stadium and not drawing well attendance-wise. This iteration of the team would have been largely forgotten if not, of course, for Jim Bouton being on the Pilots for most of 1969, as documented in one of the best and best-selling baseball books of all time, Ball Four. Seattle wasn’t entirely pleased with losing a team so quickly, however, and in 1977, the Mariners moved in when the American League added two teams. That’s a pretty long gap between teams—seven years—but it wasn’t eternal, and the Mariners are still there.

Since the expansion Senators moved to Texas, there’s been only one franchise move (not counting the current A’s relocation to Sacramento), when the Montreal Expos moved to Washington in 2005 to become the Nationals. Montreal, however, hasn’t gotten a replacement team, in part because baseball itself hasn’t expanded in about a quarter century. Montreal’s usually near the top of the list when future expansion cities are speculated, and also when there are rumors an existing team will relocate, such as ones surrounding Tampa Bay in recent years. That’s no guarantee that Montreal will get a major league team again.

While these precedents might slightly cheer Oakland baseball fans hoping there won’t be any years without major league baseball in the city, or very few years before there’s a replacement expansion team, there also instances when a team wasn’t replaced besides Montreal. Unfortunately, these were all within regions that, like the A’s, were one of multiple teams within a metropolitan area. They’ve all been referred to in passing in this post:

New York had three teams through 1957, if you’re counting Brooklyn as part of New York, which basically everyone does. They got one team back with the Mets, but never a third. There’s often speculation New York could support three major league baseball teams, with the third one being not in the Bronx (where the Yankees are) or Queens (where the Mets are), but in Brooklyn, or maybe in northern New Jersey, a la the Brooklyn Nets in the NBA. 

Boston had two teams through 1952, when the Braves moved to Milwaukee. It’s not a huge city, ranking about 25th in the US in size, and it could be questioned whether it could have ably supported two teams, certainly in the mid-20th century. Given the success of the Red Sox, Celtics, and Patriots in developing a big fan base that encompasses all of New England, it could be argued that the region could actually support two major league teams now. But that never seems to be discussed as an expansion option.

And getting back to the A’s history, Philadelphia had two teams before 1955. It’s a bigger city than Boston, about sixth in the country. Its metropolitan area is substantially bigger than the San Francisco Bay Area. It’s unimaginable an expansion team would land there, in part because of objections from the Phillies (as the Red Sox might object to another New England team), but also in part since Philadelphia’s already pretty close to another franchise, Baltimore, and not terribly far from Washington and New York.

There’s always been some uncertainty about whether both the San Francisco Giants and the Oakland A’s can comfortably draw crowds on a longterm basis when both are situation in the San Francisco Bay Area, about a dozen miles from each other. The Giants’ future has never been in doubt since a new stadium opened around the dawn of the 21st century, though they had some shaky times that almost saw them move to Toronto in the mid-1970s, and then Tampa-St. Petersburg early 1990s. The A’s have had some hard times too, especially when Charlie Finley sold off their stars in the mid-to-late 1970s and their games were even briefly broadcast by a college station. As hard as it might be to believe after the A’s struggled to draw more than a few thousand (or sometimes even that) to their games the last couple years, they’ve also had some years where they’d drawn very heavily—almost three million in 1990, and two million as recently as ten years ago. A healthy Oakland franchise, and admittedly a heavily renovated or new stadium, would draw well now.

Will that happen, whether Oakland gets an expansion team or somehow stays put? There are too many variables to predict—a viable ownership group and construction of a good new stadium being among the most important— and it could take five years or more to fully play out. Another complication is that San Jose and Sacramento would very much like to have major league teams. Both cities are fairly close to Oakland, but not so much that fan bases would substitute one for another. Getting a stadium in place is especially key — the Giants, Dodgers, Angels, Astros, and Mets, to name a few examples, only played in small and/or outdated parks for a few years after they moved or began as expansion teams, and might not have been able to stay in their areas permanently had new and better ones not been built specifically for them.

With all the precedents I’ve cited, a final thing to note is that I don’t really recall any precedent for the Oakland A’s’ current situation. There will be three or possibly even more (if the Las Vegas stadium isn’t finished) years as a sort of lame duck team, with little chance present ownership will invest heavily in payroll, afford or attract free agents, or sign young talent like surprising new slugger Lawrence Butler to longterm deals. There will be three or possibly more years where they play only temporarily in Sacramento. It’s not good for major league baseball, whether you live here in the Bay Area or not, and no matter how you feel about the Oakland A’s and their long history.

BBC ’60s Rock Reinventions You Might Have Missed

An enormous amount of valuable rock music was performed on BBC radio in the decade or so after the Beatles’ first session in March 1962. Fortunately tapes of much (though far from all) of it survive, varying in fidelity from superb to lo-fi tinniness that seems to have resulted from putting a home recorder next to a radio speaker. Also fortunately, many BBC tapes have come out on official releases, and many others have unofficially circulated.

In my previous post, I discussed rock radio sessions in the 1960s on the BBC that differed notably from what groups offered on their official recordings. That post focused on a few specific groups I think took the best advantage of the format, all of them well known. Those were the Beatles, Fairport Convention, and Pink Floyd, with an honorable mention to Fleetwood Mac.

It wasn’t too often that anyone presented a BBC version of an officially released studio track and substantially changed the arrangement. There might have been two opposing viewpoints taken into consideration as to whether to do such things. One, and the one probably preferred by fans decades later looking for something different than the official record, would be that the BBC offered a fairly low-pressure environment for experimenting and offering a version as different from the familiar one as the Beatles’ “Revolution” single was from the “Revolution 1” version of the same song on The White Album.

The more cautious and common one is that it would take a lot of effort to reinvent an arrangement for just one BBC performance that, to the performers’ knowledge, wouldn’t be released and just be broadcast once or twice, before it was realized that BBC sessions had some commercial value on reissues many years later. In addition, a lot of acts probably viewed the sessions as promotion for their records, and wouldn’t have thought it sensible to perform versions that varied notably from what you’d hear on official vinyl.

Once in a great while, an act would conjure a BBC variation quite different from the studio version, and in some cases superior. Here are a few obscure ones:

The most obscure of these, but also the most interesting, was by a group who were themselves obscure, Blossom Toes. Their two late-’60s albums were among the best fairly little known ones of the British psychedelic and early progressive rock era, though they’re more well known, at least among collectors, now than they were then. The first of these, We Are Ever So Clean, was wistful psych-pop with traces of the Beatles and the Kinks, but with its own brand of tuneful whimsy. One of the better tracks was “Love Is,” with its melancholic, bittersweet look at fading love. It was embellished, as much of the album was, by orchestration, including a cello.

The BBC version is as different from the studio one as the White Album version of “Revolution” was from the single. There’s no orchestration from session musicians; the song’s much slower and more somber; the harmonies are more haunting; there’s a prominent flute; and, most notably, a ghostly mellotron. It’s almost like the dark doppelganger of the relatively cheery studio counterpart, as if it’s the reflection of what’s really felt when a love affair ends, and not a glossier lament. It’s true that not many are familiar with the original version to begin with, and not too many have concerned themselves with the differences. They’re about as wide as they are on any BBC rock recordings of interest from the 1960s, however, and the BBC version is now fortunately easily available on CD, after only having done the rounds unofficially for many years.

It might have been effective for Blossom Toes to present both of these different arrangements on one album, as is sometimes done for very different versions by plenty of acts, including the Beatles on Sgt. Pepper (with the reprise of the title song). This would almost have subtly conveyed how the romance in the song could be experienced in very different ways. Or, at the very least, to put the BBC version, or a studio recording following the BBC arrangement, on a B-side; as obscure as they were, Blossom Toes did have non-LP-B-side material. This too was sometimes done by acts—not just the Beatles—who did very different versions of the same song on album vs. single. It’s not known if Blossom Toes even thought of this, but the BBC variation is certainly worth hearing.

Wayne Fontana is not nearly as obscure as Blossom Toes. He fronted the Mindbenders on the 1965 #1 classic hit “Game of Love,” after all. His solo career didn’t go so well, and he never made the US Top 100. But he did have some mild British hits, the biggest of which was “Pamela, Pamela,” which almost made the UK Top Ten. It was written by Graham Gouldman, who’d already penned great songs for the Yardbirds and the Hollies.

I’d hardly make the case that Fontana was a major figure of British rock, or that “Pamela, Pamela” was one of Gouldman’s best songs, though it’s okay and has his characteristic deft use of minor melody. I’d hardly given the track much thought since first hearing it more than thirty years ago. So I was a little astounded when I heard the January 6, 1967 BBC version on a double CD of 1964-68 Fontana BBC sessions (about half with the Mindbenders). It sounded pretty good, whereas I’d never thought much of the hit single.

As recorded in the studio, “Pamela, Pamela” is bloated orchestral pop, and not sung particularly well by Wayne, especially at the end, where he strains to hit a really high note. Its BBC counterpart (one of them; he’d record a less distinguished one on January 26, 1968) isn’t nearly as different as Blossom Toes’ “Love Is” from its studio version, but it’s still of particular note for those who are fanatical enough about the British Invasion to invest in a double CD of Fontana radio sessions in the first place. The term “unplugged” wasn’t around in 1967, and this isn’t acoustic solo, but the 1967 BBC “Pamela, Pamela” greatly improves the song by removing the orchestration. Actually the arrangement is effectively minimal, with weedy Greek-flavored guitar and very light percussion, almost amounting to tapping. Fontana’s vocal sounds far more relaxed, and hits the final high note with dramatic ease. It’s as if he’s doing what he wants with the song instead of what is considered to be the most commercial in an age when orchestral pop by Tom Jones was big.

While the double CD itself (titled Live on Air 1964-1968) is no great shakes, it’s far more enjoyable than I braced myself for. Fontana’s singing, while again not for the ages and no match for the best vocalists of his era, is pretty accomplished, and even the non-Mindbenders stuff is largely pleasant, though he only got a truly excellent song with “The Game of Love.” So, as they’d say in the UK, good on you Wayne.

As a third example of a very different BBC version you’re not likely to read about many or any other places, there’s Duffy Power’s October 10, 1964 performance of “Where Am I?” Power was an excellent British blues-rock singer who never had a hit, despite associations with top British musicians like Graham Bond, Duffy Power, and John McLaughlin. He made quite a few records, including some flop singles, one of which was 1964’s “Where Am I?” This sounds like a transparent attempt to mold him for the pop market, as the soul-pop ballad is given soaring orchestration and rather loud, melodramatic female backup vocals.

As with Fontana’s “Pamela, Pamela,” on the BBC, the logical alternative path was to subtract the over-production. Suddenly what sounds like a misguided fire at the pop market sounds like a superb, ghostly mood piece. Sung just by Power with conventional rock instruments, it’s sparse and eerie. Not commercial, but certainly better, and Duffy’s vocal sounds far more comfortable in this setting. Again, this sounds like Duffy doing what he wants, instead of what is thought might sell. It can be heard on the triple CD compilation Live at the BBC Plus Other Innovations; for all his commercial obscurity, there’s a wealth of Power music on CD, both from reissues of official discs and material that was unreleased when it was recorded in the 1960s and early 1970s.

Best of BBC Rock

An enormous amount of valuable rock music was performed on BBC radio in the decade or so after the Beatles’ first session in March 1962. Fortunately tapes of much (though far from all) of it survive, varying in fidelity from superb to lo-fi tinniness that seems to have resulted from putting a home recorder next to a radio speaker. Also fortunately, many BBC tapes have come out on official releases, and many others have unofficially circulated.

While BBC performances were often live renditions that differed little from the studio versions, there were more interesting supplements to an act’s official discography if they were adventurous. Prime among those were opportunities to do songs that weren’t on their studio releases, often cover versions of material by other artists, less often original compositions that somehow didn’t make it onto commercial product. Yet less frequent were arrangements of songs from albums, singles, and EPs that different substantially from their studio counterparts, and in fairly rare instances were actually superior.

This post isn’t a survey of the noteworthy BBC recordings from the time; it would take several books to cover those. Instead I’m citing the three acts that I think took most advantage of the format, along with a few instances that come to mind where radio versions outdistance the studio ones.

There’s heavy competition for judging the best BBC practitioners, especially since almost every British act of note did at least an album’s worth of sessions, and often several albums worth of sessions. For me, there are three clear winners, two of whom were among the biggest acts of all time, and a group who weren’t, although they’re pretty well known.

At the top of the list, as they were for so many things, are the Beatles, even if their sessions were limited to 1962-65, and the bulk of those took place in 1963. Their BBC output’s hardly a secret; there are two official double CDs, a bunch of tracks on an iTunes download comp of previously unissued 1963 material, and plenty of cuts that circulate unofficially, even if those are usually different versions of tunes that are now officially available in different BBC takes. There’s even a big book about their BBC sessions, The Beatles: The BBC Archives, though like many works of its kind, it was disappointingly short on description and background info on the actual performances. It might come as a surprise to some chroniclers, but the music is actually the reason most fans care about this stuff.

The Beatles did more than 50 sessions, 40 in 1963 alone. These included  275 tracks and 88 songs (many done more than once), three dozen of which (all but one covers) are not on their studio releases. At the risk of immodestly, I’ll note I describe all of their sessions in my book The Unreleased Beatles: Music and Film. Their greatest value are the 35 covers not on their studio records, many of them terrific, and virtually all of them worthwhile. These not only prove their versatility and illustrate their influences. Especially in 1963, they did so many sessions, and put such a varied repertoire into their sets, that I think they might have been an underrated influence in how quickly and constantly they improved as a band.

Here I’ll focus on how they treated their original material. While almost always energetic, they didn’t rearrange or redefine their original compositions (all by John Lennon and Paul McCartney on their radio sessions) to a notable degree. There’s just one I’d contend might be better than the studio version. This is “Thank You Girl,” as done on June 19, 1963. It’s simply appreciably zestier than the familiar track from the B-side of “From Me to You,” Ringo really pounding the drums, and John lets loose with some fierce screams not heard at all on the 45. True, it’s missing the harmonica that’s a prominent part of the original arrangement, as the instrument was on numerous early Beatles releases. 

There are some other instances where the Beatles did something a little different on the BBC renditions of their compositions, though not in ways that made much of a difference. The June 17, 1963 “P.S. I Love You” ends with a nice melancholy chord that’s not part of the single. The January 7, 1964 “I Wanna Be Your Man” has a bit of Bo Diddley in the rhythm and some reverb on the guitar. On their final BBC session on May 26, 1965, Lennon changed the lyrics of “I’m a Loser” to “beneath this wig, I am wearing a tie.”

But the Beatles were not ones to jam or monkey around with what admittedly worked very well to begin with. They did sometimes mildly tinker with cover versions that made it onto their studio records. The sadly incomplete January 16, 1963 performance of “Chains” has some background harmonies on the bridge not heard on the Please Please Me version. The instrumental break on the June 24 “Roll Over Beethoven” is twice as long, with some wild staccato George Harrison riffing and very well recorded McCartney bass. John, and not Ringo, sings “Honey Don’t” on the August 1 session.

Most top British groups didn’t attempt original songs on the BBC that never wound up on their records, and the Beatles weren’t an exception. There was one interesting exception when they did a nice version of “I’ll Be On My Way” on June 24, 1963 that easily surpassed the one that had appeared on the B-side of Billy J. Kramer’s first single. Since there were a good number of Lennon-McCartney songs the Beatles “gave away” to other artists and didn’t attempt in the studio, it begs the question why they didn’t do other leftovers for the BBC. 

It’s not a question so serious to keep even Beatles fanatics up at nights, but I’d think they weren’t too passionate about most of their giveaways, although it would have been nice to hear them try “Bad to Me” or “World Without Love” (sketchy demos of both do circulate, “Bad to Me” as part of the iTunes-only 1963 comp). Also, some of those giveaways were written very early in their career, sometimes before they had a recording contract. Maybe they weren’t interested in revisiting lesser efforts from their publishing catalog. They did try “Hello Little Girl” at their very first BBC session (with Pete Best still on drums) on March 7, 1962, but it wasn’t broadcast and a tape doesn’t survive, although at least the one from their January 1 Decca audition does.

Other than the Beatles, the group that best took opportunities to do covers not on their records might be a surprise to some people, since they didn’t have big hit records. That was Fairport Convention, who in the late 1960s sort of specialized in obscure cover versions, though they were also writing their songs from the beginning of their career on disc. So wide was their repertoire that quite a few weren’t on their three late-’60s LPs. About half of their four-CD Live at the BBC box is from sessions between December 10, 1967 and September 27, 1969, during which they offered more than a dozen covers not found on their albums and singles.

These aren’t only of interest to Fairport Fanatics. Some of the songs are among the best things they ever did. In particular, the Leonard Cohen standard “Suzanne” has some thrilling back-and-forth lead vocal tradeoffs and harmonies between Ian Matthews and Sandy Denny. I’d say “Tried So Hard” outdoes the Gene Clark original, as does their treatment of Eric Andersen’s “Close the Door Lightly When You Go,” due in large but not sole part to their stellar vocal harmonies. Also very fine are Richard & Mimi Fariña’s “Reno Nevada,” the well-harmonized arrangement of Johnny Cash’s “I Still Miss Someone,” and their bouncy takes on the Everly Brothers’ “Gone, Gone, Gone” and “Some Sweet Day”—neither of them too well known in their original guises, though “Gone, Gone, Gone” was a medium-sized 1964 US hit for the Everlys. 

Although Fairport did put Bob Dylan’s “Percy’s Song” (an early-’60s Dylan outtake not released by the singer-songwriter himself until the mid-1980s) on their 1969 Unhalfbricking album, the epic BBC version outdistances it, especially in respect to Denny’s spectacular vocal. If there’s not as much to note about the covers of Cohen’s “Bird on a Wire” and Jackson C. Frank’s “You Never Wanted Me,” they’re very good too.

Some of the originals Fairport covered were quite obscure, especially in the UK, where some of the albums on which they appeared would have been very hard to find. Some of the material hadn’t even been issued at all in any versions. When I asked Ian (now Iain) Matthews about the wealth of cover versions Fairport did, he commented, “We were quite fortunate really, because in [their producer] Joe [Boyd] and his direct link to Warners at the time, we had a private source to whatever American material we wanted. He was responsible for many of our early influences. Were it not for him, I may not have listened to Moby Grape or Buffalo Springfield for quite some time. Joni Mitchell too, Joe had a direct line to her publishing demos and supplied us with whatever we could handle. I’m sure the Joe pipeline was how Sandy got ‘Who Knows'[Where the Time Goes] to Judy Collins.”

Fairport’s February 9, 1969 session offered one especially noteworthy bonus—an original not included on their studio releases. Not only that, an original by guitarist Simon Nicol, who seldom wrote any compositions whatsoever. The song, “Shattering Live Experience” (the title is not part of the lyrics), was a quite worthy, wistfully bittersweet tune with typically superb male-female harmonies that would have sat well on any of their first three albums. As I was puzzled as to why it wasn’t used on a vinyl record or indeed why Nicol didn’t write more, I asked him about it around the early 2000s. 

“I certainly wasn’t writing, and I never have done,” was his response. “I was kind of  reluctant to be drawn into that field, and ‘Shattering Live  Experience,’ it’s a toe in the water. And I decided that the water was too cold,” he laughed. Dare I say I wish he’d tried to write more, but that wasn’t to be, and after the group dove whole-hog into far more British traditional folk-oriented material, they wouldn’t write or cover much such straightforward folk-rock songs anyway.

Long before BBC tracks were officially released by countless acts to embellish their discography (and some would say to exploit interest by completists determined to get everything once the official catalog was exhausted), a member of Fairport recognized the importance of their BBC output. A cassette with thirteen of the best BBC tracks came out in 1976 and was, according to the Mainly Norfolk site, “privately circulated by (Fairport ’60s bassist) Ashley Hutchings and could be purchased at Fairport gigs.” With nearly identical tracks, an official 1987 LP titled Heyday finally made most of the material from the cassette available. A 2002 CD version of Heyday added eight tracks, though only one of these, “You Never Wanted Me,” was a late-’60s version of a song that didn’t make their official studio releases. 

Now we’re up to four CDs with 2007’s Live at the BBC, though about half is from the first half of the 1970s, and of much less interest for me. The songs not on previous versions are generally decent, but not quite up to the level of what was on Heyday in musical quality, and sometimes not in sound quality. The extras still testify to their appetite for eclectic cover versions that wouldn’t fit onto their conventional releases, such as Joni Mitchell’s “Marcie” and “Night in the City:’ Bob Dylan’s “Lay Down Your Weary Tune,” Dino Valenti’s “Let’s Get Together,” and Eric Andersen’s “Violets of Dawn.”

The third group I feel made the most of their BBC sessions were Pink Floyd, who recorded a wealth of them in the first five years or so of their recording career. Fortunately many of them were officially issued on the Early Years box, even if that cost a small fortune. 

The Floyd’s extensive BBC catalog would be worthwhile if only for the performance of two Syd Barrett originals, “Vegetable Man” and “Scream Thy Last Scream,” that were never on official releases during the original leader’s brief but brilliant stint in the band. Studio versions of both (with Barrett still on board) are on that box too, but it was quite bold of the group to present them for BBC broadcast, especially as they—even at the time, not just in retrospect—are disturbing reflections of Barrett’s alarmingly more disturbed mental state. While the BBC versions aren’t too different than the studio outtakes, and the studio versions have expectedly better fidelity, certainly they are valuable pieces of the Pink Floyd-Barrett canon.

While Pink Floyd often varied from the studio versions in interesting ways on both their BBC sessions and in live performance in general, there weren’t many BBC arrangements that virtually reinvented the song. One glorious exception is their downright explosive nine-and-a-half-minute version of “Interstellar Overdrive” from their December 20, 1968 session.  As I wrote in a review of the box for Flashback, It’s a stupendous arrangement that’s different from the studio version and every other circulating performance, with some wrenched-from-the-bowels-of-the-earth organ swirls by Wright and a dramatic mid-section where the band  suddenly vamps on tense, urgently ascending chords, alternating dramatically with space-piercing guitar pings and yowls. When the band returns to the main motif at the end, it’s with a grandiose finality that’s impossible to follow.” Even though this was done without Syd Barrett, David Gilmour having come into the lineup for good in early 1968, this is simply the best performance of the song. It’s too bad it’s slightly lo-fi and obviously not from the original tape or a vinyl transcription disc, but that’s a pretty minor drawback.

Another BBC cut that varies from, and is arguably superior to, the familiar studio track, is the May 12, 1969 version of “Granchester Meadows.” This benefits from Gilmour’s high harmony vocal on the choruses and “BBC sessions songbirds” sound,but it’s a gorgeous arrangement, and the superb harmonies different from those heard on Ummagumma. Less markedly different, but still arguably superior to the studio counterpart, is a 25-minute version of “Atom Heart Mother” with choir, cello, and brass ensemble that outdoes, at least in my view, the side-long cut that served as the title track to the album of the same name.

You could make the same case for “One of These Days” and a 26-minute “Echoes.” These are at the very least as good as the Meddle versions. Indeed, the best Floyd BBC performances generally are a match for or better than the ones recorded at EMI, with a somewhat looser and less self-consciously polished air. You can also throw in a fifteen-minute “Fat Old Sun” as a less striking yet substantially different BBC offering, and the BBC “If,” overlooked next to the epics that dominated their early-’70s repertoire, has a nice subdued, almost ginger feel.

Incidentally, when I saw Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason talk about his book Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd almost twenty years ago, he said there weren’t any plans to put out previously unreleased material by the band, even implying there wasn’t anything of enough interest to merit vault excavation. About ten years later, obviously the band had changed their tune, whether because of a realization that money was to be made by its official release, a sincere reevaluation of its quality, or both. Whatever the cause, it’s good there was a change of heart, since these aren’t just neat supplements to their core catalog, but in some cases absolutely essential ones.

An honorable mention of sorts can be given to Fleetwood Mac when Peter Green was their main guitarist, singer, and songwriter. They did a wealth of BBC sessions between 1967 and 1970, including many covers, and some originals, not on their studio releases. A lot of them are on the double CD Peter Green’s Fleetwood Mac Live at the BBC, but even that set, with 35 tracks, doesn’t contain many of the ones they did for BBC radio. Of the ones that do have studio counterparts, they often varied them pretty markedly. Some of them aren’t easily available even via unofficial means, including quite a few detailed in Richard J. Orlando’s three-volume Love That Burns, which exhaustively details Green’s work in the 1960s and early 1970s, most of it done with Fleetwood Mac.

A few others are on the unofficial compilation The Complete Unreleased BBC Anthology 1967-1968. Even as just a nineteen-song collection of what else is out there, this has some fine music, sometimes of material not found elsewhere. This is detailed in my blogpost on the recordings, but they include good versions of B.B. King’s “Sweet Little Angel,” “Mean Old World,” and Muddy Waters’s “You Need Love” (part of which is the basis of Led Zeppelin’s “Whole Lotta Love”). Unexpectedly worthwhile is the Jeremy Spencer-helmed “Psychedelic Send Up Number,” which is exactly what the title says it is, and is quite funny. There are also some ordinary and subpar covers and oldies, but those songs alone would make for worthwhile additions to the group’s official discography.

There were other instances in which a BBC performance clearly outshone or differed from the studio version, some of them quite obscure. I’ll detail some of the most notable ones in my next post.

The Fantastic Four Revisited

I’m not a comic book collector or expert, but I am fairly interested in the subject, and in the early days of Marvel comics. So I got recent high-end coffee table volumes that reproduced the first twenty issues of Spiderman and, more recently, the first twenty issues of Fantastic Four. I’m less familiar with Fantastic Four than Spiderman, my knowledge of the content coming from, in both cases, copies of the original issues older brothers bought in the early to mid-1960s.

I knew the basics of the Fantastic Four characters and their origins, but had not previously read these 1961-63 issues in their entirety. Here are a few things that struck me about them, which have quite possibly been analyzed in much greater depth in publications spanning fanzines to academic tomes.

1. There’s much more of a Cold War presence and anti-Communist sentiment than I was aware of.

It’s sometimes thought that anti-Communist hysteria in the US toned down a lot after it peaked during the worst of the McCarthy era in the early 1950s. That could be true in some respects, but the House Un-American Activities Committee was still active as the 1960s started. Protests against hearings it held in San Francisco in 1960 have been cited as one of the key sparks of anti-authoritarian demonstrations and dissent in the 1960s in general.

Certainly there are more than traces of this in the early Fantastic Four issues, going back to the pages that — in two separate issues, told somewhat differently each time — explain their origins. It’s not obscure that the quartet got their powers when they were exposed to cosmic rays during a failed rocket mission to outer space. Not as universally known, perhaps, is that a big part of the reason they were in such a rush to get on the rocket, despite the uncertainty about exposure to comic rays, was to beat the Communists in the space race. As Sue Storm told Ben Grimm (aka The Thing) to convince him to pilot the rocket in the first of these origin stories, “We’ve got to take that chance…unless we want the commies to beat us to it!”

This was phrased in a different way when the origin story’s re-presented in issue #10. Here Reed Richards states, “The world we had fought for was also not yet ours!” — referring to his service in World War II, and the ensuing Cold War for world domination. Adds Reed, “We’ve got to reach the stars before the reds do! That’s why I’ve spent a fortune working on my own design for a space ship!” to which Sue rejoins, “Oh, Reed, if only the government had listened to you in time—heeded your warning!” There’s another Cold War reference when Reed pleads to Ben, “You’ve got to do it, Ben! You’ve got to fly her for me! You’re the only pilot in the free world who can do it!”

Unkindly, it could be argued that this mission was a terrible failure in its objective, crash landing on earth when a cosmic storm derailed the journey. Or, that it was a quirky success in the cosmic rays granting the Fantastic Four powers to use for the good of mankind — which would include, from Marvel’s perspective, occasionally waging part of the Cold War. In issue #12, prominently featuring the then-new Hulk character, the undercover villain has, in the words of another character, “a membership card in a subversive communist-front organization! That means — [he] must be — a red!” A different villain in #13 connects the Cold War and the space race with the boast, “At last my crew of apes is ready! And now—we go to the moon—to claim it for the communist empire!”

In that issue, “The Watcher” takes a role that, whether deliberately or unconsciously, intimates the futility and madness underlying the struggles between the “reds” and the free world. “I have broken the silence of centuries, in order to save your people from savagery!” he intoned. Retorts the villain, “You dare think you can stop the communist march of conquest!?”

In a speech that might have been influenced by the alien visitor in the 1951 film The Day the Earth Stood Still, the Watcher announces, “Sooner or later, both your nations may engage in a war which might devastate your entire planet! That is not my concern! But now you bring your conflict to the moon–to my domain! I will tolerate no large scale war here!” This doesn’t motivate the Fantastic Four, alas, to consider the value of fighting their enemies, and they simply focus on battling “the commies,” as The Thing refers to them a couple times in the next couple pages. Reed Richards tows the party line by reminding The Thing, “Ben, nobody is strong enough to defeat a free people! Don’t ever forget that!”

Even as Fantastic Four got well into 1963 and the Kennedy administration, anti-communist sentiment lingered. News of Dr. Doom’s latest threats travels quickly — to behind the Iron Curtain, where a caricatured Soviet official proclaims, “Soon the capitalistic countries will be helpless before us!” And in 1963’s Fantastic Four Annual, Namor’s latest threat is dismissed by a Soviet in the UN thusly: “Bah! It is all a pack of capitalistic lies! No matter what the democracies say, I vote nyet! Nyet! Nyet!” The bureaucrat isn’t named, but the shoe he beats on his desk makes it obvious he’s supposed to represent Nikita Khrushchev.

I suppose it could be construed that the numerous horrible villains threatening not just the free world, but the world and humanity themselves, in Fantastic Four and other comics and horror films could represent the subconscious fears of the monsters that would emerge if communism were allowed to prevail. It could certainly be argued, however, that the Cold War seemed kind of trivial compared to the graver threats the likes of Dr. Doom, the Puppet Master, the Mole Man, and others were posing to not just the Fantastic Four, but the entire human race.

2. Namor The Sub-Mariner and (or vs.) Spock

Parallels between Namor the Sub-Mariner, the maybe-not-always-villain in Fantastic Four, and Star Trek‘s Mr. Spock have hardly gone unnoticed. Go online and several articles quickly appear about the possible connections. I noticed them more going through this book, though, than I did in the past. 

First, there’s the physical resemblance. It might be uncanny, but I don’t think Star Trek was deliberately trying to emulate Namor’s appearance with the Spock character. It seems more like an interesting coincidence that Leonard Nimoy’s physique lent himself so much to an image with a fair amount of similarity.

Of more importance — and a key point that didn’t emerge until the 1963 annual — is both Spock and Namor’s mixed-species background. You probably weren’t even on earth if you don’t know that Spock is half-human, half-Vulcan. Not everyone, however, knows that the Sub-Mariner is half-human, and half part of the Atlantean race he’s supposed to be reviving/leading. 

As with Spock, this is the cause of considerable unease, even as it grants him some powers and depth not reachable by either of his ancestral races. As with Spock, he doesn’t feel wholly at home either with humans or with the race with which he primarily identifies—the Vulcans, for Spock, and Atlanteans, for Namor. “Am I to be a king without a kingdom—a man without a home?” he lamented at the end of the Annual. “More than a sea creature—yet, less than human! Is there never a place for me—on the surface, or in the sea?”

Although he’s nominally a villain, Namor also seems to have more humanity, integrity, and at times compassion than any of the other regular evildoers in Fantastic Four. This seems to be intuitively sensed by Sue Storm, who grasps Namor is often misunderstood and motivated by reasons unrelated to a thirst for world domination. “He isn’t bad,” she contends at one point. “He’s fighting for what he believes in, the same as we humans are!,” perhaps getting to the root of his mixed-ancestry dilemma more than she realizes. This compassion, at times passion, for Namor is the cause of much consternation among the Fantastic Four, particularly the more straightlaced yet honestly more boring Reed Richards, who hopes to marry Sue. It’s not commented upon that Sue’s intuitive sense of Namor’s better qualities isn’t that far removed from how Alicia, blind stepdaughter of the Puppet Master, intuits the inherent goodness under her boyfriend The Thing’s gruff exterior.

Yet these comparisons only stretch so far. Spock might be half-human and half-Vulcan, but he’s not half-good and half-evil, or even mostly evil and a bit good. The essential decency of Spock is rarely in question, even if he’s sometimes cold about expressing friendship and gratitude. Although he often claims not to have emotions, neither is the strength of the friendship he feels with at least some humans — with Captain Kirk of course, but even with Dr. McCoy, despite their frequent squabbles. A woman on the Enterprise senses Spock’s more vulnerable side and loves him, but unlike Namor with Sue Storm, Spock doesn’t return the passion, or even seem to be submerging any romantic interest in Nurse Chapel.

Given the increasing intersection of major comic book and science fiction heroes, it seems inevitable that one day Spock and the Sub-Mariner will meet and exchange notes, perhaps in one of the time travels that often occurs in such characters’ adventures. For all I know, that’s already happened.

One plot point not remarked upon in this series of initial issues: the Sub-Mariner would never have been unleashed to wreak havoc and revenge on the human race had not the Human Torch aka Johnny Storm found him in a flophouse and woken him from a sort of waking slumber. This is made clear in the issue containing this episode, but no one seems to acknowledge that the Sub-Mariner wouldn’t have been a force to deal with had the Human Torch not gone poking around where he wasn’t especially welcome or wanted. Kind of like how it wasn’t often acknowledged in the original Star Trek series that some of the threats the Enterprise faced might not have emerged had the starship not gone into space to go poking around in the first place.

3. The lurking counterculture.

One of the regular letter-writers featured in the Fantastic Four reader letters column was Paul Gambaccini. As regular as about anyone, at any rate, with three in the first twenty issues. At first Gambaccini was extremely critical — “artwork is horrible. Your heroes are lilly-lilly with obvious faking of emotions” reads part of the first one that was printed. A few issues later he was changing his tune, beginning a letter “Fantastic Four has greatly improved,” before venting a pretty lengthy series of suggestions and complaints. A huge and pretty complimentary letter in issue #17 concludes, “So you finally converted me!”

Gambaccini also wrote to Spiderman, starting his issue #7 letter “May I congratulate you (or should it be thank you) for the tremendous quality of Amazing Spiderman,” though he adds that originally “he was a run-of-the-mill deadbeat, typical of the baleful boredom which sometimes prevailed in your comics.” 

Gambaccini, a young teenager at the time of these letters, became a fairly prominent rock music critic. Moving to Britain, he’s long been a radio and TV host. In the US, he might be most known as the editor of  Rock Critics’ Choice: The Top 200 Albums, the first widely distributed book devoted to an all-time poll of rock critics.

This leads back to some earlier points. I’ve read that Marvel found a particularly strong following in the incipient 1960s counterculture, among young people looking for something different, more complex, and more human in their superheroes. Marvel didn’t accomplish this so much through their scenarios, which often put the protagonists in situations where they had to triumph through might and smarts, but through their multi-faceted and often troubled human characters, who had emotions and problems not so different from real people, and from real adolescents.

It likely wasn’t noticed much or at all, but it could have been a misstep for Marvel, at least in early issues, to have an anti-communist Cold War mindset, verging on voicing government propaganda. Many of Marvel’s readers would soon, or might have already been questioning such entrenched and stereotypical attitudes. It could have been the residue of older writers and illustrators who’d been through actual, not cold, wars and were more inclined to follow the Establishment, at least in terms of government policy. Quite a few Marvel readers, I’d guess, would evolve to or at least include rock music as part of their emerging sense of a different generational identity.

British Jazz 1960-1975: Author Richard Morton Jack Talks About His Definitive Guide, Labyrinth

British jazz from the 1960s and first half of the 1970s isn’t, dare I say, a specialty of too many people, even in the UK, and less so elsewhere. However, Richard Morton Jack’s limited edition hardback book Labyrinth: British Jazz on Record 1960-75—published earlier this year on Landsdowne—is an exceptionally well produced record guide to many of the British jazz LPs made between 1960 and 1975. Morton Jack has issued a couple other hefty compendiums of reviews/descriptions of both British and North American rock records of the period, Galactic Ramble (covering the British Isles) and Endless Trip (covering North America). Although a few folk and jazz albums are documented in Galactic RambleLabyrinth is exclusively devoted to British jazz, allowed for far more coverage of the genre.

Labyrinth isn’t just a discography listing catalog numbers and dates. Each of the several hundred albums gets a fully considered paragraph-long description by the author. Many of the entries also include excerpts from reviews of the albums actually printed around the time of their release, along with full-page reproductions of the front and back covers and inner labels. There’s also a very interesting and lengthy introduction by musician and producer Tony Reeves, who was part of and worked with several acts during this period, most famously Colosseum. Plus there are also a few pages reproducing ads of the time for British jazz releases.

Even within the world of jazz enthusiasts and collectors, British jazz doesn’t get a ton of attention, and many of the names will be unfamiliar to readers as few made an international impact. The ones that did tended to be ones whose impact bled over to the rock audience, like Jack Bruce, John McLaughlin, Chris Spedding, Colosseum  (though only their first LP is included), Harold McNair (via his work with Donovan), John Cameron (also as a Donovan associate), Hugh Hopper (with Soft Machine), Elton Dean (part of Soft Machine for a while), Henry Lowther (part of Manfred Mann and John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers for a while), and others. Morton Jack covered some British rock with a jazz influence in Galactic Ramble, and rock albums by the many acts with players with jazz experience are usually detailed in there.

This is the place to learn about names known more to jazz aficionados, like Joe Harriott, Mike Westbrook, Norma Winstone, Michael Gibbs, and Nucleus, though one (Dudley Moore) is extremely famous, though not  principally for his accomplished jazz piano. It also offers insight into some styles that were more prevalent in British jazz than elsewhere, like Indo-Jazz. The quality of the writing is extremely high, as is the quality of the writing and graphics—a relative rarity among such specialist guides.

Richard Morton Jack is also the author of the superb and very highly regarded 2023 biography Nick Drake: The Life, which I interviewed him about last year on this blog. I also interviewed him about Galactic Ramble in a previous blogpost. He graciously answered my twenty questions about Labyrinth in June 2024, a few months after its publication.

You’ve edited, published, and written much of your previous guides focusing on rock LPs from the early 1960s to the mid-1970s, with different books for the North American and British Isles scenes. Some jazz LPs were covered in your Galactic Ramble book, which mostly focused on British Isles rock LPs from the era, with some folk as well. But Labyrinth focuses exclusively on British jazz LPs from 1960-1975. What made you decide to do an entire book on the subject?

Whilst pop, rock, psychedelia, prog, folk, and other genres of that era been extensively revisited and explored, British jazz has been relatively neglected. Pulling together a detailed, heavily illustrated guide to it struck me as a worthwhile way both to commemorate it and stimulate interest in it. Also, because not much jazz was in fact released in Britain in this period, I was able to include almost all of it (with the notable exception of trad).

Labyrinth‘s format is different from Endless Trip and Galactic Ramble, although there are some similarities. Like your other books, Labyrinth prints excerpts of many reviews of the LPs actually written at the time, alongside recently written reviews composed specifically for the volume. However, where the other books had recently written reviews by several writers, you wrote all of the several hundred or so reviews in Labyrinth, though Tony Reeves wrote a detailed foreword. Every single one of the albums detailed in Labyrinth has a newly written review, though in your other volumes, some entries only had excerpts from period reviews. Also, while the other volumes had many illustrations of record covers and reprints of advertisements, Labyrinth has large full-page reprints of many (though not all) of the LPs’ front and back covers, as well as reproductions of the inner labels. What made you decide to go this route for the format and design?

I hesitate over the word ‘review’ to describe my text in Labyrinth – I intended my entries on each album to be historical or factual rather than critical, and therefore tried to leave my own opinions out of them. 

I felt that reproducing their artwork at near-enough full size was worthwhile on aesthetic grounds, and – more importantly – that the small print on many of their back covers is of great interest, yet because so many of the albums are rare, most people will never get to read them. One example out of my head: virtually the only immediate information regarding Mike Taylor’s music is buried on the back cover of his LPs. Therefore, a large part of the intention of Labyrinth was to reproduce sleevenotes legibly.

While as noted many of the albums get the full design treatment of large repros of the front/back covers and inner labels, as well as quotes from period reviews, some of them only get your paragraph-long review and a much smaller reprint of the front cover. While I thought maybe the less essential LPs were chosen for this briefer treatment, some of them get very good reviews by you. Were the ones given less space chosen because there weren’t good vintage review quotes; because the covers weren’t visually interesting; or for some other reasons?

In some cases I didn’t think the albums were of sufficient interest (whether in terms of music or artwork or both) to merit two-page spreads. In some cases I could find no original reviews, meaning that the text accompanying the artwork would’ve been skimpy. And I tended to relegate the few albums that had gatefolds to shared spreads, because reproducing their artwork in full would have involved shrinking them, thereby defeating the object. 

There’s a wealth of excerpt quotes from reviews of albums when or shortly after they appeared. Some of them are from music publications with wide circulations and/or a jazz focus such as Melody Maker and Down Beat, but many are from far more obscure sources like local British general interest papers in cities like Bristol and Newcastle, and long unavailable little-known publications like Amateur Tape Recording. I know you have a huge collection of periodicals, but was this a matter of going through what you had, searching for additional reviews as part of your specific research for this book, or a combination of the two?

It was a case of combing through as many publications as I possibly could, in search of insightful or revealing information from the time of each album’s release. Although contemporary reviews were often written hastily, and with strong personal bias, I feel strongly that the dual perspective is enlightening: understanding how albums were received upon first release gives a sense of immediacy and perspective that revisionist reviews can’t match, even if we might well feel that their evaluations are wrong-headed. 

Along those lines, were there any unlikely review sources that particularly startled you, a la the Bert Jansch and Nick Drake reviews you’ve previously found in Penthouse?

Funnily enough, Penthouse had decent jazz coverage too – for example, they ran a piece about Neil Ardley and the New Jazz Orchestra in an early 1965 issue, well before they had an album out. Leaving aside pornography, national press coverage of jazz was wider and more earnest than of pop and rock, even though it was clearly of far less popular interest: the notion of taking pop music and musicians seriously was more or less alien to mainstream journalism in that era. And it’s always fun to read Philip Larkin’s ornery Telegraph reviews (by no means all of which have been anthologised). 

What really startles me about all British musical coverage of the 1960s and early 1970s is the sheer volume of it. Every week brought a new issue of Melody MakerDiscRecord MirrorMusic EchoSoundsTop PopsMusic Now, the NMEand others, which had very broad remits. That’s not to mention the underground press and specialist monthly magazines (including jazz titles such as JazzbeatCrescendoJazz MonthlyJazz & Blues and so on). A huge amount of valuable information is buried in them all.

Turning more to the content rather than the record guide-like format, British jazz hasn’t often gotten this serious critical approach in book form, written with intelligent perspective, yet also meant to be accessible to the collector and general listener. What do you think were the chief qualities that made British jazz most distinctive in this period, and specifically, distinct from the North American (and sometimes European) jazz that got a much bigger audience and much more attention from the music industry and critics?

I’m hesitant to ascribe musical qualities to British jazz that weren’t present in European or North American jazz, and can’t swear that I could identify a 60s jazz recording as being British rather than (say) Swedish. What I will suggest is that the British scene was more insular, for various reasons. That insularity led the musicians to get to know each other pretty well over the years, and to develop empathy and rapport for each other’s personal styles that creates threads between disparate recordings. 

There was also an extraordinarily enlightened attitude within the British record industry at the time, which permitted these commercially kamikaze records to be written, recorded and released. As I say in my introduction to the book, but for a genuinely small number of executives, virtually none of the music in the book would ever have been recorded.

As a related question, do you feel there were notable sub-genres or styles distinct to British jazz?

Again, I’m hesitant to make great claims for anything unique about British jazz, but I do think that individuals with strong ideas were encouraged to develop them and present them free of commercial considerations in a way that ceased to be possible as of circa 1973. Visionaries like Mike Taylor, Neil Ardley, Graham Collier and others were therefore able to develop their own distinctive approaches free of (much) interference or outside pressure, musically at least. The Arts Council (funded by the government) also made grants to numerous jazz composers in this era, which allowed them to work free of financial pressure – for short periods, anyway.

And as a related question to that, one that seems more prevalent in British jazz than elsewhere was what’s called Indo-jazz. There seems like a specific reason for that, Indian residents and culture being a pretty big part of British life and a much bigger one than in North America, owing to India having been a British colony. Would you agree with this, and what do you think were the most outstanding qualities of this branch of British jazz?

Denis Preston, the remarkable proprietor of Lansdowne Studios and architect of the so-called ‘Lansdowne Series’ – an EMI brand that essentially consisted of whatever he wanted to release – took a strong interest in what we now call ‘world music’. Rather than making ‘field’ recordings, his approach was to get excellent expat or visiting musicians to make studio recordings that typified aspects of the music of their home countries. He admired the Indian composer John Mayer and the Jamaican saxophonist Joe Harriott, and therefore suggested in 1965 that they bring their respective groups together. I personally find the results a little awkward, enjoyable though they are, and think the best venture in that style is the flippantly named Curried Jazz (which came out on a budget label in 1968, credited to the Indo-British Ensemble). 

On a slightly different tack, the first album by the Goan guitarist Amanda D’Silva doesn’t attempt to fuse sitars and other Indian instruments with jazz, but gives him the space to reflect India’s musical heritage through the electric guitar, with standard jazz backing. I think that makes for a more original and striking result.

As you note in a number of the reviews, it’s astonishing what uncommercial and experimental jazz albums found release on some major labels during this period. A good example is one I happen to have (as a CD reissue, not the original LP), Hugh Hopper’s 1984, which you wrote ‘has to be about as uncommercial an album as was ever released by a major label’. How do you account for the presence of these sort of records on majors at the time, other than perhaps the general assumption that they were throwing all kinds of things at the wall to see what stuck?

I think that would be cynical in the case of jazz. The great Hugh Mendl, one of the most senior executives at Decca in the 1960s, told me shortly before his death that he had always passionately believed that major record companies had a cultural duty to preserve for posterity music that was of value, even if it had dismal commercial prospects. In other words, the vast profits being generated by the likes of the Beatles and the Stones should partly be used to underwrite the work of equally valid but less financially rewarding artists. 

Hugh wasn’t alone in this: David Howells, a senior executive at CBS in London in this period, was passionate about avant-garde jazz and produced records by Tony Oxley and other utterly uncommercial musicians, yet had (and still has) genuinely equal respect and enthusiasm for the Love Affair, the Marmalade, the Tremeloes and other pop acts he was involved with. It didn’t seem at all contradictory to him to like and encourage both. That broadminded attitude pervaded the British music industry in that era: if something was good of its sort, it was regarded as worthy of support. I also think that it was a short and wondrous period in which there was a respectable market for challenging music. Captain Beefheart’s Trout Mask Replica was a hit in the UK! I recently saw the official CBS sales report to the end of 1969: its British release was in mid-November, and in its first six weeks it sold 9296 copies. That’s really remarkable, especially when you consider it was an expensive double LP.

As you explain in your introduction, you drew the line at including much jazz-rock that was at least or more rock than jazz—Soft Machine might be a good example—I think in part because much such product was reviewed in Galactic RambleHowever, you did include Colosseum’s first album in Labyrinth. While personally I’m glad you did since I like that record, it seems like an exception to an informal rule, as it owes a lot to blues-rock, perhaps more than it does to jazz. Was there a specific reason you thought this qualified for inclusion?

I didn’t leave anything out of Labyrinth on the grounds that I’d covered it elsewhere. I approached the book entirely as an entity unto itself. I can’t defend the omission of, say, the Soft Machine other than by saying that they seemed to me to tilt further towards the ‘rock’ than ‘jazz’ part of ‘jazz-rock’, and that by including them I would have been opening the door to other jazzy rock records (by, say, Web, Brainchild, Skin Alley, Heaven and Iguana) that would have bloated the book and blurred its focus.

From my perspective, Colosseum are of specific interest because Jon Hiseman and Tony Reeves had come from a jazz background and were seeking not only to broaden their repertoire but to bring music that had been regarded as fairly obscure into a more mainstream market. That’s why they used the line ‘morituri te salutant’ for their album title: they did feel a sense of jeopardy in bringing jazz to rock audiences in the UK.

Many notable British rock musicians of the period had some background in jazz, and sometimes even made jazz or certainly heavily jazz-influenced records, though they’re mostly known for the rock or jazz-rock they did. As I know you’re aware, the list is long and goes all the way up to Brian Jones and Charlie Watts in the Rolling Stones, also including Graham Bond (though the album he did as part of Don Rendell’s group is covered), Jack Bruce, Ginger Baker, Dick Heckstall-Smith, Robert Wyatt, Manfred Mann (both the leader and some members of his group), Brian Auger, Georgie Fame, members of Pentangle, Duffy Power, some of the Bluesbreakers, John McLaughlin, Van Morrison…the list could go on. Is this branch of British jazz, or at least music that owes a lot to jazz, one that you’re tempted to write about in the future, or think someone could? (I’m aware there were a few items by or associated with some of these names in Labyrinth, including solo LPs by Bruce, McLaughlin, and Hugh Hopper, and the Watts-assisted People Band LP.)

I suspect trying to unpick the incredibly broad range of influences and attitudes that came together in British popular music in the 1960s is a fool’s errand. What’s salutary for me is how versatile and well-schooled so many musicians were, including everyone you’ve named. I’m not convinced that mainstream popular music will ever again be dominated by individuals with such diverse musical backgrounds and skills, and such catholic tastes. 

And another related question: there weren’t anything like the parade of jazz players moving effectively into top ranks of rock in North America as there was in the British Isles. Conversely, there weren’t anything like the parade of folk musicians moving into the top ranks of rock in the British Isles as there was in North America, Donovan being a notable exception. Do you, like me, see a similarity in those movements, in that jazz might have helped bring a more cerebral and sophisticated strain into rock in the British Isles, just as folk did in North America when many folkies went electric? 

I think it’s a perfectly valid line of thought. Perhaps it’s also worth considering whether the relative number of regional clubs made it easier to scratch a living out of jazz in America than in Britain, and easier to scratch a living out of folk in Britain than in America. 

Separately, Miles Davis was able to reach a broad rock audience in America in the late 60s in a way that’s hard to envisage for a British player. I think that’s partly because Britain was a much smaller market, so it was easier to sell Miles’s fusion records into the UK than to focus on breaking, say, Ray Russell (not that I’m comparing their talent or commercial prospects) internationally. It’s perhaps instructive that John McLaughlin felt the need to move to America to communicate his music in the way he thought necessary.

It’s also worth noting that the vast majority of jazz coverage in Britain was for American jazz, reflecting a general sense that British jazz was somehow ersatz. That gradually eased off, but I suspect a lot of British players felt a little aggrieved or defensive as a result.

Getting back to straight British jazz: North American jazz musicians, and some European musicians like Stephane Grappelli and Gabor Szabo, got a much bigger international audience (including in the UK) than British jazz musicians did outside of the British Isles. There are a few here and there that have a few cult followers in North America, like Derek Bailey and Keith Tippett, but not many. Indeed, most British jazz of the time is still unknown or virtually unknown here, even among many jazz aficionados. To what do you attribute this, from both musical and business/promotional perspectives?

To be fair, Decca (for instance) did release a reasonable number of British jazz records in America through its London affiliate, so Mike Westbrook, John Surman, Michael Gibbs and others did at least have some of their records issued there. But clearly records that had barely sold in the UK were never going to be of much interest to foreign licensors, and it was always easier for large international record companies to market major US jazz artists (and I would include Szabo as American in this context) internationally than to attempt to break a large number of new local names in smaller territories. I don’t think there’s any valid musical grounds for it: British jazz has simply taken a very long time to filter through. 

As an aside, it’s intriguing that Japan was the biggest foreign market for British jazz back in the day, with numerous obscure and challenging albums coming out over there, often with revised artwork and detailed insights giving background information that even the British releases lacked. And the market for original pressings of British records has always been livelier in Japan than anywhere else. 

Even collectors who aren’t interested in this kind of music might be interested in this book because of the graphics on the album covers. Many of them are striking, and even the ones that aren’t so good—and you sometimes point out ones with substandard or even laughable covers in your reviews—hold some fascination for their period qualities, making them look either unique to their time or reflective of the general music business values of the era. They’re too diverse to put into one or two categories, but what do you think generally were some of the most interesting qualities of the British jazz LP graphics of the period, and ones that made them distinct not only from other periods, but also from the graphics used on LP covers of other genres in 1960-75?

With reference to the early 60s – in other words, the beginning of the period covered by the book – perhaps there’s an argument that jazz fans tended to be older and more aesthetically sophisticated and discerning than pop fans, and therefore expected more interesting imagery when buying an LP. That said, the covers of Down In The Village by Tubby Hayes and Movement by Joe Harriott (to give two examples) feature close-ups of their faces in the manner of a Cliff Richard or Frank Ifield album. 

As the decade progresses, I’m not sure I can distinguish between graphics on jazz records and pop or rock records. I think the movement away from straightforward photographs and towards more abstract or imaginative concepts happened in parallel for rock and jazz, and that by the turn of the decade a lot of their designs were interchangeable. As an obvious example, Vertigo’s artwork for LPs by Nucleus or Keith Tippett could easily have sat on progressive rock albums.

The same holds true in some respects for the liner notes, which in those days were usually on the back cover, if there were any. This is also true of jazz LPs in North America, and of folk LPs in both the US and UK, but they had a lot more text in those days, especially toward the earlier part of 1960-75. They were also usually pretty serious in tone, sometimes almost academic and scholarly. While it’s easy to make fun of them for a frequent stuffiness that’s rarely if ever in liner notes of contemporary releases any more, they’re also valuable for the sheer wealth of information, often including the sources for the songs and how the performers found and felt about them. In the later part of this period, they’re also sometimes notable for inscrutable attempts at hipness and stream-of-consciousness prose. Again, what do you think generally were some of the most interesting qualities of the British jazz LP liner notes of the period, and ones that made them distinct not only from other periods, but also from the notes used on LP covers of other genres in 1960-75?

Again, without wanting to make mindless comparisons to pop and rock, I think there was a desire on the part of the musicians or producers of jazz records to impart a clear idea of what was being attempted on a given album, which to me can form a vital part of understanding and contextualising the music. 

Most jazz musicians, and certainly leaders / composers, of this era were highly musically literate, and wanted to explain their art in a way that most pop or rock musicians didn’t (Messrs. Townshend and Fripp being notable exceptions), being happy for listeners to form their own relationship with their music without being bogged down by long explanations. I doubt the Beatles gave much consideration to the broader context of their work as they recorded it: they simply moved onto the next thing without pausing to reflect, and found it somehow embarrassing (or ‘soft’) to do so. Either way, earnest sleevenotes ceased to appear on pop or rock LPs as of around 1969, whereas there was plenty of small print on the back of jazz LPs well into the 1970s.

There are few if any others who’ve heard all of the albums you reviewed in Labyrinth, let alone given each of them a considered review. First, a basic question: do you own all of these LPs? I ask because some of them are excruciatingly rare, like those that were produced in editions of 99 copies, or only sold at live performances. Or, in the case of Keith Tippett’s first LP, only pressed as a demo. For the Tony Rushby Sextet’s self-titled 1964 LP, you wrote that only one copy is known to exist, and you can’t get much rarer than that.

Alas, I do not own all the LPs in the book, but I do own most of them, so the photographs you see are almost all of my own copies. I don’t collect privately pressed albums, but that Tony Rushby LP is mine: I bought it cheaply because I recognised one or two of the track titles. It’s not in any way innovative or striking, but it’s a perfectly valid set that gives a vivid sense of a gifted amateur group of the mid-60s, of which there were of course lots. No doubt others made similar recordings that I’m unaware of.

A related question: how long did it take to accumulate and listen to all of these LPs, and what were the hardest ones to find? 

I’ve been collecting albums for 25 years or so now, during which time competition for them has greatly increased. In the early 2000s, British jazz was not especially sought-after, certainly not in comparison to psychedelia or progressive rock. That has completely changed, and because in many cases fewer copies were pressed in the first place, the supply have now more or less dried up. 

In my experience, certain major label British jazz albums are just as hard to find as private pressings. I guess maybe 500 copies were pressed of something like High Spirits by Joe Harriott, of which maybe half survive, scattered to the winds, almost all in the collections of people who prize them.

Although you must have had most of these albums before deciding to write Labyrinth, I’m guessing you heard and collected quite a few others in the process of doing the book. If so, what were the most interesting and surprising finds and discoveries that you hadn’t previously heard?

I was aware of virtually everything in the book before I started writing it, but the process of collating them and putting them in chronological order did yield some interesting observations, not least how extraordinarily busy and productive certain musicians were: Tubby Hayes, Michael Garrett, John Surman, Mike Westbrook, Stan Tracey, John Dankworth, Ian Carr, Don Rendell and others seem to have been ceaselessly writing, recording and gigging. 

There were one or two musical surprises: I hadn’t realized that there was an LP by The Trio (led by John Surman) that had come out only in Japan.

Wearing a tragic collector’s hat, it’s intriguing that certain rare British jazz albums came in both laminated and unlaminated sleeve variants. Examples include Hum Dono by Joe Harriott and Amancio D’Silva, Love Songs by Mike Westbrook, Tales Of The Algonquin by John Surman and John Warren, Phase III by the Rendell-Carr Quintet and Cold Mountain by Michael Garrick. To me that implies that more copies were pressed than one might imagine.

This might be hard to boil down, but can you recommend just a half dozen or so albums to someone who’s interested in getting into British jazz from this period?

British jazz in this period covered a large range of styles, so I think any such list needs to be broken down, and will inevitably be personal. 

That said… For a small group with horns: Tubby Hayes – Down In The Village, Mike Taylor – Pendulum or Don Rendell – Space Walk. For small piano-led groups: Mike Taylor – Trio or Michael Garrick – Cold Mountain. For larger ensembles: Neil Ardley and others – Greek Variations or the Chitinous Ensemble – Chitinous. For one album that spans various styles across short, melodic tracks: Stan Tracey – Jazz Suite. Recommending avant-garde recordings seems inherently pointless to me, as responses to them are so personal, but How Many Clouds Can You See? by John Surman combines free playing with structured parts to stirring effect. I could go on!

Like a good number of readers of your previous work, I’m primarily a rock fan, and especially of rock from this same time period, 1960-1975. The jazz from this period I like tends to be of the more accessible, rocky, riff-driven kind, like guitarist Wes Montgomery in the mid-’60s and soul-jazz organists like Big John Patton. For me and/or such listeners, what are the British jazz albums you’d recommend hearing that we’d be most likely to enjoy? 

I think it’s a very reasonable question, and many of the jazz records I find most enjoyable are ones that are analogous to rock music, even if they don’t feature vocals or the same instrumentation. So, off the top of my head… Don Shinn – Temples With Prophets, Joe Harriott & Amancio D-Silva – Hum Dono, the Don Rendell / Ian Carr Quintet – Change-Is, Graham Collier – Songs For My Father, Michael Gibbs – Michael Gibbs, Ian Carr – Belladonna.

There’s information on Labyrinth: British Jazz on Record 1960-1975 and how to purchase copies at https://lansdownebooks.com.

Another Beach Boys Documentary

It’s Beach Boys Spring—not the summer, as you might expect—with the appearance of two major projects championing the group’s legacy. The first to get issued was the book The Beach Boys By The Beach Boys, and I wrote about some of the more interesting aspects of that volume in my previous post. The other is the two-hour documentary simply titled The Beach Boys, which is streaming on Disney Plus. 

It doesn’t have much in the way of previously unknown facts and stories, if you’re very familiar with the group’s history. Unlike the two previous full-length documentaries on the band, An American Band (1985) and Endless Harmony (1998), it does not gloss over a few of the darker sides of their story, particularly the role of Murry Wilson (father to three of the Beach Boys and uncle to another) in their career and (far less extensively) Dennis Wilson’s friendship with Charles Manson. Besides recent interviews with surviving Beach Boys Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston, there are also interviews with associates who are less heard from, including David Marks (who was in the group on their first few albums), Brian Wilson’s first wife Marilyn, and Blondie Chaplin, who was in the band for a while in the early 1970s.

Like my post about the book, this one isn’t a review of the film, which I’ll put on my year-end roundup of documentaries. It will focus on the more interesting and less-traveled perspectives heard in the movie.

Murry Wilson. A good amount of space is given to Murry Wilson’s work with the group as their early manager and then publisher. More of the coverage is negative than positive, though different sides of the story are given. He could be rough on his kids when they were growing up, and a more accurate description seems to be that he could be abusive. That’s been documented in some books, as well as some bootlegged chatter from recording sessions, and led to him being fired by the group not long after they’d become superstars.

As far as how difficult he was to get along with as the Beach Boys were getting off the ground, Marks remembers Murry even adjusting his guitar amps onstage. It’s also discussed how he’d intrusively signal to the band to adjust their sound during concerts and fine them for minor indiscretions, leading to Marks quitting the Beach Boys in late 1963. They did let him keep handing their publishing, which led to serious problems down the road, Murry selling their publishing for an undervalued $700,000 in 1969. 

Mike Love expressed a lot of displeasure in his memoir for, in his view, not getting enough songwriting credits, or the compensation he deserved as a contributing writer to much Beach Boys material. He criticizes Murry’s work on the publishing end in the documentary, remembering that Murry said he’d sell the publishing back to the Beach Boys, but he didn’t, and that Murry didn’t credit his songwriting contributions on a number of compositions. “I got cheated by my uncle,” he says. “He screwed his own sons, and grandchildren.” Brian’s first wife Marilyn (now Marilyn Wilson-Rutherford) has a more personal angle, noting the sale upset Brian so much that he stayed in bed for three days.

So yes, there’s a lot of bad stuff about Murry. But the documentary does air some more positive perspectives about the father. It was Murry, Love recalls, who got them into the studio, where they cut their debut single “Surfin’,” a big local and small national hit that did kick off their recording career, although it wouldn’t truly take off until they signed to Capitol. Other sources have also acknowledged Murry did a great deal for the group in their early days, including hustling them to labels all over Los Angeles and being instrumental in getting them onto Capitol with his persistence. While Marilyn Wilson-Rutherford detailed the publishing sale’s devastating impact on Brian, she’s also the most vocal in acknowledging Murry’s attributes. If he wasn’t there protecting them, she opines, they wouldn’t have become nearly as big. She also goes as far as to declare, “If there was no Murry, there would be no Beach Boys.” Leading viewers to wonder, if only he could have both helped their career without being such a bully to them personally—but too often, both qualities are found in tough businesspeople.

Birth of the Beach Boys: The story has often been told that the Beach Boys became serious, or at least seriously semi-professional, when Murry and Audree Wilson took a vacation to Mexico in late 1961, leaving their sons money for food in their absence. This story goes that the brothers instead used the money to rent instruments and work up material, incensing Murry when he returned, but cooling him out when he heard the results of their rehearsals, sparking him to help set them on the road to recording and stardom. Screenwriters might consider it a good setup for a biopic, but Al Jardine sets the record straight (as has previously been reported elsewhere) in hs interview. It was Jardine’s mother, he says, who gave them $300 to rent equipment. A big sum, by the way, in 1961; that’s equivalent to about $3000 today,

Denny’s Drums: That’s the name of an instrumental on an early Beach Boys album. Dennis Wilson is not the most highly regarded drummer from a famous rock band. It’s often been reported that many of the Beach Boys’ drum parts were recorded by session musicians, especially Hal Blaine. It’s also sometimes been written that he’d rather spend time having fun, at the beach in particular, than in the studio. Even in this documentary, Al Jardine observes Dennis would rather be in the water than in the studio.

Yet Jardine also says in the doc that Dennis, who’d been included in the band at least partly due to his mother’s insistence, learned the drums quite proficiently. And Marilyn Wilson-Rutherford says that Dennis is actually usually on drums on the Beach Boys’ records. Blaine and Jim Gordon certainly played drums on some Beach Boys discs, including some of their most highly esteemed recordings. But it does seem like Dennis was a more significant contributor as an instrumentalist on Beach Boys sessions than many assume, as is true of the Beach Boys as a whole. Certainly he plays very enthusiastically and serviceably well in the live ’60s footage of the group, if hardly with the finesse of the best drummers of the era.

Nick Venet: Nick Venet is credited as the producer of the first two Beach Boys albums, Surfin’ Safari and Surfin’ USA. He isn’t given much credit, in the descriptive rather than official sense of the term, in histories and by the Beach Boys. In the new documentary, Brian Wilson (in an archive interview) says Venet didn’t do much besides announce take numbers. 

In a voiceover interview excerpt, Venet ascribes his ousting from production duties as due to Murry, who as noted in their early days took an aggressive role in the group’s direction, which included musical matters. When Nick told Murry he was wrong, Venet remembers, the band took it as a slander against the whole family.

It might be impossible to determine if Venet did much besides acting as a functionary of sorts, but at least a couple of things might be noted in his defense. If his credit on Beach Boys records might have been symbolic, he wasn’t just some bureaucratic attaching his name to productions. His production resume, much of it compiled after his brief time with the Beach Boys, includes a lot of impressive albums, most notably folk-rock singer-songwriter Fred Neil’s self-titled 1966 Capitol album; the Stone Poneys, Linda Ronstadt’s group prior to her solo career; and early Los Angeles folk-rock group the Leaves. Indeed he was one of the more significant 1960s folk-rock producers, also working with John Stewart in his early solo career, and with cult folkie Karen Dalton.

He deserves ultimate credit, too, for signing the Beach Boys after they—according to this documentary and other accounts—were rejected by quite a few labels, whether or not he did much in the studio afterward. An issue that’s not discussed much is why the Beach Boys had trouble landing a deal after their debut single “Surfin'” had significant success. It’s easy to say in hindsight, of course, but it seems obvious from listening to their pre-Capitol recordings that they both had some appreciable if raw talent, and that they sounded appreciably different from other rock bands of the time.

That’s evident not just from “Surfin’,” but also the numerous other recordings they made with Hite and Dorinda Morgan (best heard on the double CD Becoming the Beach Boys: The Complete Hite and Dorinda Morgan Sessions, even if many of the tracks are multiple versions of a small group of songs). These included early versions of two big Capitol hits, “Surfin’ Safari” and “Surfer Girl.” At a guess, maybe the Beach Boys were considered something of a one-shot novelty group, both because of the lyrics of “Surfin'” capitalizing on the surfing craze, and because of the name the Beach Boys, which might have suggested they were manufactured to suit that specific song.

Al Jardine rejoining: The usual perception of the Beach Boys’ timeline has Al Jardine in the group at the very beginning (including on the “Surfin'” single), then leaving to concentrate on college, being replaced by the Wilsons’ young neighbor, David Marks. Then Jardine rejoining when Marks quit/was fired in late 1963. But as the documentary verifies, it’s not that simple. It has Brian Wilson’s discomfort with touring—often reported to have come to a head at the end of 1964, at which point he left the road to concentrate on writing/recording/producing, replaced for a while by Glen Campbell and then long-term by Bruce Johnston—surfacing in 1963.

That, the film notes, is when Al Jardine rejoined, or at least often filled in for Brian, not Marks. With Marks’s departure, Brian then had to go back on the road until late 1964. For a while Jardine and Marks were in the same group, at least onstage. Ian Rusten and Jon Stebbins’s The Beach Boys in Concert book confirms Jardine filled in for Brian as early as a spring 1963 midwest tour, doing so off and on for a while until Marks left and Al settled in for good.

As I also observed in my previous post, although Jardine is the least colorful and least discussed of the five core Beach Boys, his contributions weren’t entirely peripheral. Part of the reason he stayed for good was that he was considered a better singer, and certainly vocal harmonizer, than Marks. It’s noted in the documentary that Jardine had perfect pitch. When I interviewed Dean Torrance of Jan and Dean about eight years ago, he told me, “his vocals were spot-on. Al was great. So they all contributed. It was an ensemble, and everybody had an important piece to contribute.”

Marks’s contribution to the group is generally underreported, and there’s a lot more about him and that stint in his book The Lost Beach Boy, co-written with Jon Stebbins.

The Beach Boys on the Beatles: The Beach Boys’ admiration for the Beatles is well documented, as is the Beatles’ high regard for the Beach Boys, though it’s usually Paul McCartney who vocalized that. Some comments in the documentary, however, indicate the Beach Boys didn’t know quite what to make of the Beatles when they unexpectedly invaded the US with massive success in early 1964. Recalling the time when “I Want to Hold Your Hand” took over the US airwaves, Jardin describes them as a little crude, and players, whereas the Beach Boys were singers. In an archive interview, Brian Wilson states “I Want to Hold Your Hand” “wasn’t that great a record.” It’s not a big deal considering Jardine, Brian, and the other Beach Boys quickly became big Beatles fans, but it’s peculiar.

Mike Love as co-writer: Love co-wrote a lot of ’60s Beach Boys songs with Brian Wilson, including some big hits, his contributions primarily being on the lyrical end. As previously noted, he has said and written that he should be credited on some others. Brian did write with some others in the ’60s who weren’t in the Beach Boys, including Gary Usher, Roger Christian, Tony Asher (for most of the Pet Sounds album), Van Dyke Parks, and even, on the 1969 single “Break Away,” his father Murry (who used the pseudonym Reggie Dunbar). In the documentary, Love says a reason for this was that when the Beach Boys were on tour without Brian, he wasn’t available to collaborate with his cousin.

Yet Wilson was writing with Usher very early on, before Brian was off the road even some of the time. On their first album, 1962’s Surfin’ Safari, Usher has a co-writing credit on half (six) of the songs, including the hit “409.” A couple of those songs have Wilson-Usher-Love credits, including “409.” On their next LP, Surfin’ USA, Usher co-wrote one of the best non-45 early Beach Boys songs, “Lonely Sea.” Roger Christian co-wrote their 1963 hits “Shut Down” and “Little Deuce Coupe,” and Usher and Christian credits continued to pop up into 1964, including on “Don’t Worry Baby,” co-written by Christian. 

Certainly it seems possible that rather than turning to other writers out of necessity when Love wasn’t available, Brian wrote with some others because of personal preference, or according to what he wanted to create depending on the song. When he retired from the road (occasional appearances and TV spots aside) at the end of 1964, Brian also certainly would have been around Love less, including in the Pet Sounds/Smile period, when the Beach Boys’ touring schedule included visits to Japan and the UK. Asher and Parks, however, certainly struck different lyrical moods than Love did, and according to some accounts, not with Love’s approval (especially on the Smile material Parks co-wrote).

Mike Love is not the most popular ’60s rock star, and has gotten a lot of heat from some writers and fans for not, in their view, supporting Brian’s most ambitious efforts. But he did contribute a lot to the group as singer and sometime lyricist, and according to one comment by Marilyn Wilson-Rutherford in the documentary, Brian did value Love’s place in the band, saying Brian thought Mike was the greatest frontman.

Bruce Johnston: Johnston has his share to say in the documentary, but he just wasn’t as important a part of the story as the other five principal Beach Boys. He has an interesting tale, however, about how he inadvertently negotiated his fee when he started playing with them on tour in 1965. Asked what he wanted for two weeks of touring, he asked for $250. It was thought he was asking for $250 a night, however, not for the whole two weeks. So he got $3000 instead of the $250 he was offering.

The Wrecking Crew: Sometimes the impression’s given that the Wrecking Crew played almost everything on the mid-’60s Beach Boys sessions. They certainly played on a lot of them, and they were certainly important, but their role might have generally been overestimated. In an archive interview in the documentary, drummer Hal Blaine says that Carl Wilson did play with the Wrecking Crew often on sessions, but also that he was the only one in the group who did (possibly Blaine was not counting Brian Wilson in this memory).

It’s all hindsight and quite possibly advice that would have been ignored at the time, but maybe Brian could have offered the other guys in the group at least some more instrumental input in the Pet Sounds/Smile era. Maybe they would have been just as happy to let the Wrecking Crew handle things, but it could have made them feel more involved, rather than being singers for what some consider more Brian Wilson projects than Beach Boys ones. Possibly that could have eased tensions down the road when Smile was taking a long time to complete (and never would get completed). After Smile broke down, the Beach Boys took over most of the instrumentation on the records anyway.

Another guy on the Wrecking Crew, Don Randi, has an interesting comment in the documentary. The influence of Phil Spector on Brian Wilson has been oft-covered, and Spector often used the Wrecking Crew too. Randi remarks that a key difference between Spector and Brian, however, was that Brian was always reinventing himself. They were both perfectionists, Love remembering how Brian had the group do backup vocals for “Wouldn’t It Be Nice” thirty times.

SmileMuch has been written about Smile, and how the band and especially Mike Love were not as supportive of Brian Wilson’s vision for the project as they could have been. A comment from an archive interview with Carl Wilson in the documentary serves as evidence that he wasn’t opposed to it. Carl acknowledged that Love didn’t think the lyrics were relatable, but also that he (Carl) loved it, praising how it was “so artistic and abstract.”

Charles Manson: There’s not a whole lot about Manson in the film, but Dennis Wilson’s interaction with the Manson Family isn’t skipped over. Love offers a cutting one-liner about Manson: “I only met the guy once, and that was enough for me.”

The Beach Boys Are a Group, Not Brian Wilson: One point the surviving Beach Boys make in the documentary, and one with which I’m in general agreement, is that while Brian Wilson was the most important member of the group, the Beach Boys were very much a group with individuals who made strong contributions, not Brian Wilson and sidemen. Love sees this as an issue for both the rest of the band and Brian, stating, “The problem was, Brian was being hailed as a genius, but there was no credit for the rest of the band…it might have been a little bit easier for Brian to handle the genius label.”

Adds Bruce Johnston, “I’m president of the Brian Wilson fan club. But the musicality of every Beach Boy is essential. If we didn’t have the ability, we wouldn’t have been able to sing these parts. Brian was lucky to have our voices to sing his dreams.”

Marilyn Wilson-Rutherford has this melancholy note: Brian could do everything, musically. “But the other parts of life were hard for him.”

I’m teaching a seven-week non-credit course on the Beach Boys from June 18-July 30 at the College of Marin in Kentfield, CA. It will meet on Tuesday nights from 7:10pm-9:30pm, and can be taken both in-person and through Zoom. Concentrating on their best work in the 1960s, the course follows their growth from their early surf and hot rod anthems through their lyrical maturation with symphonic masterpieces like “Good Vibrations” and the Pet Sounds album. Besides exploring leader Brian Wilson’s phenomenal skills as a melodic composer and sophisticated studio producer, the group’s glorious vocal harmonies will also be highlighted through a wealth of audiovisual clips and instructor commentary. Registration info at https://marincommunityed.augusoft.net, for course #8221M/6361.